Table 3.
Final linear regression model on factors related to the number of of well baby visits received by age three years for Medicaid-enrolled infants
| Variable | Beta coefficient | Standard error | 95% CI | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infant variables |
|
|
|
|
| Had a chronic health condition in the first 16 months of life |
|
|
|
P < .0001 |
| No |
ref |
- |
- |
|
| Yes |
0.51 |
0.06 |
0.40, 0.62 |
|
| Eligible for Medicaid through the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Program |
|
|
|
P = .001 |
| No |
ref |
- |
- |
|
| Yes |
−0.70 |
0.22 |
−1.13, −0.28 |
|
| Maternal variables |
|
|
|
|
| Age (years) |
|
|
|
|
| <18 |
ref |
- |
- |
- |
| 18 to 20 |
−0.17 |
0.10 |
−0.35, 0.22 |
P = .084 |
| 21 to 29 |
−0.27 |
0.09 |
−0.45, −0.09 |
P = .004 |
| ≥30 |
−0.35 |
0.12 |
−0.58, −0.12 |
P = .003 |
| Race |
|
|
|
P = .792 |
| White |
ref |
- |
- |
|
| Non-White |
−0.02 |
0.08 |
−0.18, 0.13 |
|
| Education |
|
|
|
P = .005 |
| Less than high school |
ref |
- |
- |
|
| High school or more |
−0.18 |
0.07 |
−0.31, −0.06 |
|
| Marital status |
|
|
|
P = .002 |
| Married |
ref |
- |
- |
|
| Other |
0.20 |
0.06 |
0.08, 0.33 |
|
| Prenatal visit quartiles (number of prenatal visits) |
|
|
|
|
| 1st quartile (less than 10 visits) |
ref |
- |
- |
- |
| 2nd quartile (10 to 11 visits) |
0.24 |
0.08 |
0.09, 0.39 |
P < .001 |
| 3rd quartile (12 to 13 visits) |
0.23 |
0.08 |
0.06, 0.38 |
P = .002 |
| 4th quartile (14 or more visits) |
0.28 |
0.08 |
0.13, 0.43 |
P = .001 |
| Self-reported maternal alcohol use during pregnancy |
|
|
|
P = .081 |
| No |
ref |
- |
- |
|
| Yes |
0.26 |
0.15 |
−0.03, 0.54 |
|
| Self-reported maternal smoking status during pregnancy |
|
|
|
P = .018 |
| No |
ref |
- |
- |
|
| Yes |
−0.13 |
0.06 |
−0.25, −0.02 |
|
| Health system variables |
|
|
|
|
| Rurality |
|
|
|
|
| Rural |
ref |
- |
- |
- |
| Urban non-adjacent to metropolitan |
0.04 |
0.07 |
−0.10, 0.17 |
P = .575 |
| Urban adjacent to metropolitan |
0.05 |
0.07 |
−0.09, 0.18 |
P = .506 |
| Metropolitan |
−0.03 |
0.12 |
−0.26, 0.21 |
P = .834 |
| Enrollment in a health maintenance organization (HMO) plan |
|
|
|
P < .0001 |
| No |
ref |
- |
- |
|
| Yes |
−1.15 |
0.07 |
−1.28, −1.01 |
|
| Recipient of MediPASS primary care case management services |
|
|
|
P < .0001 |
| No |
ref |
- |
- |
|
| Yes |
0.48 |
0.07 |
0.34, 0.63 |
|
| Multiplicative interaction term between HMO and MediPASS variables | 0.66 | 0.27 | 0.13, 1.18 | P = .015 |