Table 2.
Proportion (%) of exclusive breastfeeding in infants 5 months of age and under by health related characteristics, Nepal 2006 (N = 482) and 2011 (N = 227)
|
Factor |
2006 |
2011 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N [%] | EBF n [%]#€ | p value | Total N [%] | EBF n [%]#€ | p value | |
|
Parity |
|
|
0.002 |
|
|
0.422 |
| First |
146 (30.4) |
58 (41.3) |
|
80 (35.1) |
51 (66.7) |
|
| Second or third |
224 (46.6) |
123 (57.2) |
|
102 (44.9) |
65 (70.1) |
|
| Fourth or more |
111 (23.1) |
64 (63.2) |
|
45 (20.0) |
30 (57.1) |
|
|
Birth interval by month |
|
|
0.001 |
|
|
0.989 |
| No previous birth |
147 (30.5) |
58 (40.9) |
|
80 (35.1) |
51 (66.7) |
|
| < 24 months |
66 (13.7) |
37 (63.1) |
|
41 (18.0) |
20 (67.1) |
|
| > = 24 months |
269 (55.8) |
150 (58.2) |
|
106 (46.9) |
75 (65.7) |
|
|
Types of pregnancy |
|
|
0.293 |
|
|
N/A |
| Single |
472 (97.9) |
241 (53.7) |
|
225 (99.1) |
|
|
| Twin/Multiple |
10 (2.1) |
4 (33.0) |
|
2 (0.9) |
|
|
|
Timing of pregnancy |
|
|
0.019 |
|
|
0.314 |
| Wanted |
312 (64.7) |
162 (53.0) |
|
154 (67.9) |
103 (69.4) |
|
| Wanted later |
89 (18.5) |
36 (42.1) |
|
41 (18.0) |
25 (68.0) |
|
| Not wanted |
81 (16.8) |
47 (66.1) |
|
32 (14.0) |
18 (49.2) |
|
|
ANC (number of visits) |
|
|
0.108 |
|
|
0.093 |
| No visit |
100 (21.0) |
58 (63.4) |
|
28 (12.2) |
17 (84.7) |
|
| 1-3 |
226 (47.4) |
111 (47.0) |
|
87 (38.3) |
52 (66.8) |
|
| 4 or more |
151 (31.7) |
74 (57.6) |
|
112 (49.4) |
77 (61.4) |
|
|
Deworming |
|
|
0.223 |
|
|
0.447 |
| No |
332 (68.9) |
178 (55.7) |
|
136 (59.9) |
90 (63.7) |
|
| Yes |
150 (31.1) |
67 (48.3) |
|
91 (40.1) |
56 (70.2) |
|
|
Iron tablet or syrup consumption |
|
|
0.024 |
|
|
0.995 |
| No/Do not know |
161 (33.4) |
95 (62.0) |
|
41 (18.0) |
22 (66.3) |
|
| Yes |
321 (66.6) |
150 (49.6) |
|
186 (82.0) |
124 (66.3) |
|
|
Mode of delivery |
|
|
0.010 |
|
|
0.030 |
| Vaginal |
468 (97.1) |
242 (54.6) |
|
209 (92.2) |
134 (64.5) |
|
| Caesarean |
14 (2.9) |
3 (18.1) |
|
18 (7.8) |
12 (87.6) |
|
|
Place of delivery |
|
|
0.004 |
|
|
0.362 |
| Home |
378 (78.4) |
201(57.2) |
|
124 (54.4) |
70(63.3) |
|
| Health facility |
104 (21.6) |
44 (39.7) |
|
103 (45.6) |
76 (69.9) |
|
|
Size of the infant (Perceived by mothers) |
|
|
0.016 |
|
|
0.283 |
| Average Size |
282 (58.6) |
144 (50.9) |
|
148 (65.7) |
91 (61.6) |
|
| Small |
88 (18.3) |
51 (46.3) |
|
41 (18.4) |
28 (73.6) |
|
| Large |
111 (23.1) |
50 (67.5) |
|
36 (15.9) |
26 (75.0) |
|
|
Post-natal care of the infant |
|
|
0.383 |
|
|
0.866 |
| No |
453 (94.0) |
231 (52.5) |
|
109 (48.1) |
67 (65.5) |
|
| Yes |
29 (6.0) |
14 (62.5) |
|
118 (51.9) |
79 (67.0) |
|
|
Prelacteal feeds |
|
|
0.003 |
|
|
0.747 |
| Given something |
172 (36.2) |
73 (43.1) |
|
65 (28.5) |
33 (64.3) |
|
| Given nothing | 303 (63.8) | 170 (60.5) | 162 (71.5) | 113 (67.1) | ||
#the proportion represents the percentage after adjusting for study design and sample weight. This may not be equal to simple calculation of proportion. €: the percentage in the cells is the row percentage of the each sub groups. The N/A: not application for chi square test.