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. 2013 Oct 14;13:475. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-475

Table 1.

Selected characteristics among women of African ancestry in the Women’s Circle of Health Study

 
Pre-menopausal
Post-menopausal
Cases
Controls
p value
Cases
Controls
p value
  (n = 469)
(n = 482)
 
(n = 509)
(n = 476)
 
n (%) n (%)   n (%) n (%)  
Age (yrs)
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Mean ± SD
43.93 ± 6.8
42.65 ± 7.1
0.005
59.68 ± 6.7
57.70 ± 6.1
<0.0001
Education
 
 
 
 
 
 
  <High school
57 (12.2)
67 (13.9)
0.07
90 (17.7)
57 (12)
0.003
  High school graduate
133 (28.4)
112 (23.2)
 
165 (32.4)
130 (27.3)
 
  Some college
136 (29)
120 (24.9)
 
122 (24)
159 (33.4)
 
  College graduate
91 (19.4)
121 (25.1)
 
81 (15.9)
74 (15.6)
 
  Post-graduate degree
52 (11.1)
62 (12.9)
 
51 (10)
56 (11.8)
 
Marital Status
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Married
184 (39.2)
176 (36.5)
0.05
158 (31.1)
155 (32.7)
0.19
  Living as married
8 (1.7)
9 (1.9)
 
6 (1.2)
11 (2.3)
 
  Widowed
10 (2.1)
14 (2.9)
 
88 (17.3)
57 (12)
 
  Separated
35 (7.5)
22 (4.6)
 
38 (7.5)
38 (8)
 
  Divorced
71 (15.1)
55 (11.4)
 
102 (20.1)
93 (19.6)
 
  Single
161 (34.3)
206 (42.7)
 
116 (22.8)
120 (25.3)
 
Country of origin
 
 
 
 
 
 
  United States
297 (63.3)
378 (78.4)
<0.0001
404 (79.4)
391 (82.1)
0.54
  Caribbean
131 (27.9)
75 (15.6)
 
74 (14.5)
61 (12.8)
 
  Other
41 (8.7)
29 (6)
 
31 (6.1)
24 (5)
 
Ethnicity
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Hispanic
29 (6.2)
14 (2.9)
0.02
16 (3.1)
12 (2.5)
0.56
  Non-Hispanic
440 (93.8)
468 (97.1)
 
493 (96.9)
464 (97.5)
 
Age at menarche (yrs)
 
 
 
 
 
 
  <12
139 (29.6)
144 (29.9)
0.52
152 (29.9)
121 (25.5)
0.23
  12-13
220 (46.9)
211 (43.8)
 
221 (43.4)
229 (48.2)
 
  >13
110 (23.5)
127 (26.4)
 
136 (26.7)
125 (26.3)
 
Age at menopause (yrs)
 
 
 
 
 
 
  ≤45
 
 
 
70 (14.1)
78 (16.5)
<0.001
  46-49
 
 
 
64 (12.9)
107 (22.7)
 
  50-54
 
 
 
311 (62.5)
242 (51.3)
 
  ≥55
 
 
 
53 (10.6)
45 (9.5)
 
Parity (livebirths)
 
 
 
 
 
 
  0
87 (18.6)
82 (17)
0.17
67 (13.2)
75 (15.8)
0.17
  1-2
257 (54.8)
241 (50)
 
242 (47.5)
235 (49.4)
 
  3-4
104 (22.2)
127 (26.4)
 
137 (26.9)
126 (26.5)
 
  ≥5
21 (4.5)
32 (6.6)
 
63 (12.4)
40 (8.4)
 
Age at first birth (yrs)
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Nulliparous
87 (18.6)
82 (17)
0.32
67 (13.2)
75 (15.8)
0.41
  ≤19
127 (27.1)
148 (30.7)
 
190 (37.3)
168 (35.4)
 
  20-24
108 (23.1)
117 (24.3)
 
131 (25.7)
120 (25.3)
 
  25-30
89 (19)
70 (14.5)
 
82 (16.1)
64 (13.5)
 
  ≥31
57 (12.2)
65 (13.5)
 
39 (7.7)
47 (9.9)
 
Breastfeeding
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Nulliparous
87 (18.6)
82 (17)
0.32
67 (13.2)
75 (15.8)
0.34
  Never (among parous)
158 (33.7)
185 (38.4)
 
267 (52.5)
230 (48.3)
 
  Ever
224 (47.8)
215 (44.6)
 
175 (34.4)
171 (35.9)
 
Family history
 
 
 
 
 
 
  No
370 (78.9)
416 (86.3)
0.003
365 (71.7)
389 (81.7)
<0.001
  Yes
99 (21.1)
66 (13.7)
 
144 (28.3)
87 (18.3)
 
History of benign breast disease
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Never
333 (71.3)
393 (81.7)
<0.001
330 (64.8)
345 (72.5)
0.01
  Ever
134 (28.7)
88 (18.3)
 
179 (35.2)
131 (27.5)
 
HRT use
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Never
449 (96.2)
467 (96.9)
0.53
375 (74.4)
378 (79.8)
0.05
  Ever
18 (3.9)
15 (3.1)
 
129 (25.6)
96 (20.3)
 
Oral contraceptive use
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Never
175 (37.3)
189 (39.2)
0.55
212 (41.7)
220 (46.4)
0.14
  Ever
294 (62.7)
293 (60.8)
 
296 (58.3)
254 (53.6)
 
Smoking status
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Never smoker
297 (71.4)
287 (60.7)
<0.001
219 (53.4)
226 (52.3)
0.13
  Former smoker
62 (14.9)
76 (16.1)
 
127 (31)
117 (27.1)
 
  Current smoker 57 (13.7) 110 (23.3)   64 (15.6) 89 (20.6)  

SD standard deviation.