Table 1.
Selected characteristics among women of African ancestry in the Women’s Circle of Health Study
| |
Pre-menopausal |
Post-menopausal |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Cases |
Controls |
p value |
Cases |
Controls |
p value |
|
|
(n = 469) |
(n = 482) |
|
(n = 509) |
(n = 476) |
|
|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
|
Age (yrs) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mean ± SD |
43.93 ± 6.8 |
42.65 ± 7.1 |
0.005 |
59.68 ± 6.7 |
57.70 ± 6.1 |
<0.0001 |
|
Education |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| <High school |
57 (12.2) |
67 (13.9) |
0.07 |
90 (17.7) |
57 (12) |
0.003 |
| High school graduate |
133 (28.4) |
112 (23.2) |
|
165 (32.4) |
130 (27.3) |
|
| Some college |
136 (29) |
120 (24.9) |
|
122 (24) |
159 (33.4) |
|
| College graduate |
91 (19.4) |
121 (25.1) |
|
81 (15.9) |
74 (15.6) |
|
| Post-graduate degree |
52 (11.1) |
62 (12.9) |
|
51 (10) |
56 (11.8) |
|
|
Marital Status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Married |
184 (39.2) |
176 (36.5) |
0.05 |
158 (31.1) |
155 (32.7) |
0.19 |
| Living as married |
8 (1.7) |
9 (1.9) |
|
6 (1.2) |
11 (2.3) |
|
| Widowed |
10 (2.1) |
14 (2.9) |
|
88 (17.3) |
57 (12) |
|
| Separated |
35 (7.5) |
22 (4.6) |
|
38 (7.5) |
38 (8) |
|
| Divorced |
71 (15.1) |
55 (11.4) |
|
102 (20.1) |
93 (19.6) |
|
| Single |
161 (34.3) |
206 (42.7) |
|
116 (22.8) |
120 (25.3) |
|
|
Country of origin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| United States |
297 (63.3) |
378 (78.4) |
<0.0001 |
404 (79.4) |
391 (82.1) |
0.54 |
| Caribbean |
131 (27.9) |
75 (15.6) |
|
74 (14.5) |
61 (12.8) |
|
| Other |
41 (8.7) |
29 (6) |
|
31 (6.1) |
24 (5) |
|
|
Ethnicity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Hispanic |
29 (6.2) |
14 (2.9) |
0.02 |
16 (3.1) |
12 (2.5) |
0.56 |
| Non-Hispanic |
440 (93.8) |
468 (97.1) |
|
493 (96.9) |
464 (97.5) |
|
|
Age at menarche (yrs) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| <12 |
139 (29.6) |
144 (29.9) |
0.52 |
152 (29.9) |
121 (25.5) |
0.23 |
| 12-13 |
220 (46.9) |
211 (43.8) |
|
221 (43.4) |
229 (48.2) |
|
| >13 |
110 (23.5) |
127 (26.4) |
|
136 (26.7) |
125 (26.3) |
|
|
Age at menopause (yrs) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ≤45 |
|
|
|
70 (14.1) |
78 (16.5) |
<0.001 |
| 46-49 |
|
|
|
64 (12.9) |
107 (22.7) |
|
| 50-54 |
|
|
|
311 (62.5) |
242 (51.3) |
|
| ≥55 |
|
|
|
53 (10.6) |
45 (9.5) |
|
|
Parity (livebirths) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 0 |
87 (18.6) |
82 (17) |
0.17 |
67 (13.2) |
75 (15.8) |
0.17 |
| 1-2 |
257 (54.8) |
241 (50) |
|
242 (47.5) |
235 (49.4) |
|
| 3-4 |
104 (22.2) |
127 (26.4) |
|
137 (26.9) |
126 (26.5) |
|
| ≥5 |
21 (4.5) |
32 (6.6) |
|
63 (12.4) |
40 (8.4) |
|
|
Age at first birth (yrs) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Nulliparous |
87 (18.6) |
82 (17) |
0.32 |
67 (13.2) |
75 (15.8) |
0.41 |
| ≤19 |
127 (27.1) |
148 (30.7) |
|
190 (37.3) |
168 (35.4) |
|
| 20-24 |
108 (23.1) |
117 (24.3) |
|
131 (25.7) |
120 (25.3) |
|
| 25-30 |
89 (19) |
70 (14.5) |
|
82 (16.1) |
64 (13.5) |
|
| ≥31 |
57 (12.2) |
65 (13.5) |
|
39 (7.7) |
47 (9.9) |
|
|
Breastfeeding |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Nulliparous |
87 (18.6) |
82 (17) |
0.32 |
67 (13.2) |
75 (15.8) |
0.34 |
| Never (among parous) |
158 (33.7) |
185 (38.4) |
|
267 (52.5) |
230 (48.3) |
|
| Ever |
224 (47.8) |
215 (44.6) |
|
175 (34.4) |
171 (35.9) |
|
|
Family history |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
370 (78.9) |
416 (86.3) |
0.003 |
365 (71.7) |
389 (81.7) |
<0.001 |
| Yes |
99 (21.1) |
66 (13.7) |
|
144 (28.3) |
87 (18.3) |
|
|
History of benign breast disease |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Never |
333 (71.3) |
393 (81.7) |
<0.001 |
330 (64.8) |
345 (72.5) |
0.01 |
| Ever |
134 (28.7) |
88 (18.3) |
|
179 (35.2) |
131 (27.5) |
|
|
HRT use |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Never |
449 (96.2) |
467 (96.9) |
0.53 |
375 (74.4) |
378 (79.8) |
0.05 |
| Ever |
18 (3.9) |
15 (3.1) |
|
129 (25.6) |
96 (20.3) |
|
|
Oral contraceptive use |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Never |
175 (37.3) |
189 (39.2) |
0.55 |
212 (41.7) |
220 (46.4) |
0.14 |
| Ever |
294 (62.7) |
293 (60.8) |
|
296 (58.3) |
254 (53.6) |
|
|
Smoking status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Never smoker |
297 (71.4) |
287 (60.7) |
<0.001 |
219 (53.4) |
226 (52.3) |
0.13 |
| Former smoker |
62 (14.9) |
76 (16.1) |
|
127 (31) |
117 (27.1) |
|
| Current smoker | 57 (13.7) | 110 (23.3) | 64 (15.6) | 89 (20.6) | ||
SD standard deviation.