Table 1.

Differential diagnosis of chorea in pediatric age

Etiology	Specific conditions
Central nervous system infections	Herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, paramyxovirus (measles), HIV, lyme disease, mycoplasma
Autoimmune	Sydenham chorea, systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, Neuro-Behcet, primary central nervous system vasculitis
Neurodegenerative, metabolic, genetic	Huntington’s disease, Phenylketonuria, Wilson disease, mitochondrial pathologies
Vascular	Stroke, post-cardiac transplant, arteriovenous malformation, moya-moya disease
Endocrinological	Hyperthyroidism
Toxic	Anticholinergic toxicity, dopamine antagonists, carbon monoxide, neuroleptic drugs.

Modified from Luca NJ et al. Paediatr Child Health 2011 [2].