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. 2013 Dec 4;8(12):e81969. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081969

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© 2013 Zetterström et al

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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The T3SS was induced in wild-type P. aeruginosa, strain PAK, by removal of Ca²⁺ from the medium and (-)-hopeaphenol was added. After 3 hours of incubation the secretion and expression of the T3SS effector protein ExoS was measured by western analysis and compared to the DMSO control.