Table 3. Mean value structure and variance structure.

Mean value structure
Variable	Coefficient	Std. error		P
Gender	-0.000889	0.000120		0.000
Waist-hip ratio	0.0830	0.0165		0.000
Smokers	0.0221	0.00279		0.000
Non-smoking males	0.00871	0.00329		0.008
ε	0.518	0.00134		0.000
Variance structure
Variance-component	Heritability-coefficient		Heritability (%)
A	0.000403		24.3
C	0.000433		26.2
E	0.000818		49.5

The covariates determined to significantly influence the transformed serum MFAP4 level include age, cigarette smoking, waist-hip ratio, and gender if non-smoking. The corresponding coefficients are presented; the low values are a consequence of the transformation (sMFAP4^0.2). Thus, equations to estimate sMFAP4 levels are as follows:

sMFAP4(smokers) = (0.518-0.000889*age+0.083*waist-hip-ratio+0.0221)^-5,

sMFAP4(non-smoking males) = (0.518-0.000889*age+0.083*waist-hip-ratio+0.0087)^-5,

sMFAP4(non-smoking females) = (0.518-0.000889*age+0.083*waist-hip-ratio)^-5.

The variance components in the ACE-model are presented. The components were determined by the following formula: Heritability (%) = V(x) * 100 / V(total).