Fig. 1.

Study design. Participants performed a reading task during fMRI. An auditory cue indicated 2–4 s before sentence presentation whether the upcoming sentence should be read covertly with neutral inner intonation, overtly with neutral intonation, or overtly with happy intonation. Trials thus consisted of a preparation phase that allowed for a condition-specific setup of task-relevant networks and an execution phase during which speech processing occurred. We illustrate group comparisons for overt reading with neutral intonation > covert reading either in green (preparation phase) or in red (execution phase). Group differences for happy > neutral intonation of overt reading are illustrated in blue (preparation phase) and in yellow (execution phase).