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. 2013 Oct 31;4:82–97. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2013.10.016

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© 2013 The Authors

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Fig. 3 — Group differences in effective connectivity during cognitive preparation for overt vs. covert reading with neutral intonation. Upper panels show brain regions between which effective connectivity was reduced in PD patients compared to controls (hypo-connectivity is shown in bluish gray). ROIs that exhibited increased effective connectivity between them (PD patients > controls) are illustrated in the lower panels (hyper-connectivity is shown in green). Comparisons between controls and PD patients OFF medication are illustrated on the left side, with PD ON medication on the right side. Levodopa-responsive anomalies in effective connectivity are asterisked (*). All group differences were significant at p < 0.05, FWE corrected after SVC.