Fig. 8.

Group differences in effective connectivity during execution of affective vs. neutral prosody. Upper panels illustrate brain regions between which effective connectivity was reduced in PD patients compared to controls (hypo-connectivity is shown in bluish gray). ROIs that exhibited increased effective connectivity between them (PD patients > controls) are illustrated in the lower panels (hyper-connectivity depicted in yellow). Comparisons between controls and PD patients OFF medication are illustrated on the left side, with PD ON medication on the right side. All group differences were significant at p < 0.05, FWE corrected after SVC.