Table 6.

Group differences in effective connectivity during overt vs. covert reading with neutral intonation (execution phase).

Anatomical region	BA	MNI-coordinates (x, y, z)	T-value	p-value (SVC corr.)
Hypo-connectivity in PD patients
PD OFF < control
L auditory cortex
L caudate nucleus	–	− 16, 0, 20	2.93	0.020
L dorsal premotor cortex
L caudate nucleus	–	− 16, − 2, 20	2.83	0.028
PD ON < control
L auditory cortex
L dorsal premotor cortex	6	− 28, − 10, 58	3.15	0.014
Hyper-connectivity in PD patients
PD OFF > control
L dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
L putamen	–	− 22, 0, 4	3.89	0.002
L dorsal premotor cortex
L inferior frontal gyrus	45	− 38, 26, 12	3.48	0.007
L superior temporal sulcus
L inferior frontal gyrus	45, 46	− 34, 30, 14	3.16	0.012
L dorsolateral PFC	8	− 38, 34, 38	3.03	0.017
PD OFF > PD ON
L dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
L putamen	–	− 26, 8, − 2	2.94	0.022
L inferior frontal gyrus
L dorsal premotor cortex	6	− 46, 20, 44	4.11	0.001
L superior temporal sulcus
L inferior frontal gyrus	44	− 58, 14, 6	2.94	0.021
L dorsolateral PFC	9	− 42, 34, 28	2.73	0.034

Seed regions are left-justified and target regions are tabulated.