Figure 4.

The divergence estimates (Figure3) do not support the view that human activity has been a major driver of diversification. Rather, the analysis suggests that the complex arose approximately around 80 mya and the highly invasive MED and MEAM1 split from the rest of the species complex around 12 mya well before the evolution of Humans. Major events the correlate to the diversification dates for the B. tabaci species comples include: the divergence of Angiosperms, Gondwana breaking apart (South America from Africa approximately 90 mya and India colliding with Eurasia approximately 50 - 30 mya), and Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum.