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. 2013 Dec 4;8(12):e82442. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082442

Figure 2. Reduced cell length and modified microtubule orientation in cellulose-deficient mutant and drug-treated roots (a-i).

Figure 2

Genetic, chemical and mechanical inhibition of A. thaliana root growth (j-k). (a) Length of the hair-initiating trichoblast (LEH). (b) Length of the cell before the first epidermal cell with visible root hair bulge. (c-i) Cortical microtubule orientation relatively to the root axis in the developmental zones of untreated wild-type (c), pom2-4 (d) and than/+ (e) primary roots, and of wild-type primary roots treated for 6 h with 100 nM isoxaben (f), 5 mg/L Congo red (g), 20 mM BDM (h) and 20 μM cytochalasin-B (i). *Significant differences compared to the wild-type (P < 0.01). Error bars represent standard deviations of the means. (j) Developmental phenotypes of 5-day-old Col-0 and cellulose synthesis-defective pom2-4 and than/+ seedlings, grown vertically on Petri dishes. (k) Effects of chemical treatments, genetic defects and mechanical impedance on root growth. Chemical compounds were applied at concentrations shown in Materials and Methods. Scale bars, (a) 1 mm, (b) 100 μm.