Table 3.
List of transporters known to be involved in the transport of water soluble vitamins. Most proteins implicated in their intestinal absorption and transport into cells of systemic tissues in fact belong to SLC families and function as proton or sodium cotransporters.
| Transporter |
References |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intestine |
Systemic tissues | Molecular Aspects of Medicine SLC mini-review series, 2013 | Other | |||
| Vitamin | Apical | Basolateral | ||||
| Thiamine (B1) | SLC19A3 (ThTr2), facilitated transporter | SLC19A2 (ThTr1), facilitated transporter | SLC19A2 (ThTr1), facilitated transporter | Ubiquitous expression | Zhao and Goldman (2013) | Boulware et al., 2003, Dutta et al., 1999, Neufeld et al., 2001, Reidling et al., 2010, Said et al., 2004 |
| Riboflavin (B2) | SLC52A3 (RFVT3), cotransporter (proton) | SLC52A1 (RFVT1), unknown | SLC52A2 (RFVT2),unknown | Brain > salivary gland > several tissues | Yonezawa and Inui (2013) | Foraker et al., 2003, Subramanian et al., 2011a, Subramanian et al., 2011b, Yamamoto et al., 2009, Yao et al., 2010 |
| SLC52A2 (RFVT2),unknown | ||||||
| Niacin (B3) | SLC5A8 (SMCT1), cotransporter (sodium), differential expression unknown | SLC5A8 (SMCT1), cotransporter (sodium) | Kidney, brain, retina, muscle | Wright (2013) | Coady et al., 2007, Miyauchi et al., 2004 | |
| Pantothenic acid (B5) | SLC5A6 (SMVT), cotransporter (sodium),differential expression unknown | SLC5A6 (SMVT), cotransporter (sodium) | Brain, heart, kidney, lung, placenta | Wright (2013) | de Carvalho and Quick, 2011, Wang et al., 1999 | |
| Pyridoxine (B6) | Unknown | Unknown | − | Stolz et al. (2005) | ||
| Biotin (B7) | SLC5A6 (SMVT), cotransporter (sodium),differential expression unknown | SLC5A6 (SMVT), cotransporter (sodium) | Brain, heart, kidney, lung, placenta | Wright (2013) | de Carvalho and Quick, 2011, Wang et al., 1999 | |
| Folate (B9) | SLC46A1 (PCFT), cotransporter (proton) | ABCC3 (MRP3), ABC transporter | SLC19A1 (RFC), exchanger (organic phosphates) | Ubiquitous expression | Zhao and Goldman (2013) | (Kitamura et al., 2010, Matherly and Goldman, 2003, Matherly et al., 2007, Zhao et al., 2011, Zhao et al., 2009 |
| FOLR1 (FRα), receptor-mediated endocytosis | Kidney, choroid plexus, retina, brain, placenta | (Birn et al., 2005, Chancy et al., 2000, Kamen and Smith, 2004, Spiegelstein et al., 2004, Zhao et al., 2011, Zhao and Goldman, 2003 | ||||
| FOLR2 (FRβ), receptor-mediated endocytosis | Kidney, choroid plexus, retina, brain, placenta, liver | (Elnakat and Ratnam, 2004, Paulos et al., 2004, Piedrahita et al., 1999, Ross et al., 1999, Wang et al., 2000a | ||||
| Cobalamin (B12) | Cubam receptor complex, receptor-mediated endocytosis | ABCC1 (MRP1), ABC transporter | Transcobalamin receptor, receptor-mediated endocytosis | Ubiquitous expression | − | Beedholm-Ebsen et al., 2010, Fyfe et al., 2004, Moestrup et al., 1998, Quadros et al., 2009 |
| Ascorbic acid (C) | SLC23A1 (SVCT1),cotransporter (sodium) | Unknown | SLC23A1 (SVCT1),cotransporter (sodium) | Epithelial tissues including kidney, liver, lung, skin | Bürzle et al. (2013) | Biondi et al., 2007, Corpe et al., 2005, Lee et al., 2006, Luo et al., 2008, Mackenzie et al., 2008, Tsukaguchi et al., 1999, Wang et al., 2000b, Wilson, 2005 |
| SLC23A2 (SVCT2),cotransporter (sodium) | Widespread, including brain, retina, placenta, spleen, prostate, testis, ovary | Biondi et al., 2007, Clark et al., 2002, Corpe et al., 2005, Godoy et al., 2007, Luo et al., 2008, Rajan et al., 1999, Tsukaguchi et al., 1999, Wilson, 2005 | ||||