Table 1.
Characteristics of participants
| |
|
New Zealand |
Fiji |
Tonga |
Australia |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pacific | Maori | Asian | European | Indigenous Fijian | Fijian Indian | Tongan | Australian | ||
| N |
|
830 |
370 |
138 |
239 |
612 |
833 |
1019 |
1673 |
| Sex |
Male |
405 (48.8) |
161 (43.5) |
64 (46.4) |
119 (49.8) |
271 (44.3) |
388 (46.6) |
471 (46.2) |
1006 (60.1) |
| Female |
425 (51.2) |
209 (56.5) |
74 (53.6) |
120 (50.2) |
341 (55.7) |
445 (53.4) |
548 (53.8) |
667 (39.9) |
|
| TV watching |
<1 hour/day |
252 (30.4) |
97 (26.2) |
26 (18.8) |
88 (36.8) |
224 (37.3) |
205 (26.3) |
579 (56.8) |
698 (41.7) |
| 1-2 hours/day |
241 (29.0) |
120 (32.4) |
51 (37.0) |
66 (27.6) |
196 (32.7) |
272 (34.8) |
268 (26.3) |
562 (33.6) |
|
| >2 hours/day |
337 (40.6) |
153 (41.4) |
61 (44.2) |
85 (35.6) |
180 (30.0) |
304 (38.9) |
172 (16.9) |
413 (24.7) |
|
| Soft drink consumption |
0 cans/day |
119 (15.5) |
73 (21.0) |
39 (29.1) |
98 (42.1) |
154 (25.2) |
173 (20.8) |
325 (31.9) |
904 (54.0) |
| >0-2 cans/day |
508 (66.0) |
216 (62.1) |
79 (59.0) |
117 (50.2) |
373 (61.1) |
537 (64.5) |
562 (55.2) |
703 (42.0) |
|
| >2 cans/day |
143 (18.6) |
59 (17.0) |
16 (11.9) |
18 (7.7) |
84 (13.8) |
122 (14.7) |
132 (13.0) |
66 (4.0) |
|
| Breakfast consumption |
0-2 days |
271 (36.1) |
128 (38.1) |
37 (30.3) |
54 (24.6) |
129 (21.1) |
117 (14.1) |
163 (16.0) |
190 (11.4) |
| 3-4 days |
248 (33.1) |
101 (30.1) |
22 (18.0) |
49 (22.3) |
113 (18.5) |
115 (13.9) |
337 (33.1) |
240 (14.4) |
|
| 5 days |
231 (30.8) |
107 (31.9) |
63 (51.6) |
117 (53.2) |
370 (60.5) |
597 (72.0) |
519 (50.9) |
1243 (74.3) |
|
| After-school physical activity |
0-1 days |
199 (24.0) |
101 (27.3) |
63 (45.7) |
97 (40.6) |
165 (27.5) |
222 (28.1) |
362 (35.5) |
361 (21.6) |
| 2-3 days |
294 (35.4) |
141 (38.1) |
47 (34.1) |
77 (32.2) |
202 (33.7) |
264 (33.4) |
329 (32.3) |
747 (44.7) |
|
| 4-5 days |
337 (40.6) |
128 (34.6) |
28 (20.3) |
65 (27.2) |
233 (38.8) |
305 (38.6) |
328 (32.2) |
565 (33.8) |
|
| Age (years) |
|
15.0 ± 1.5 |
14.8 ± 1.4 |
15.3 ± 1.6 |
15.4 ± 1.5 |
15.5 ± 1.3 |
15.4 ± 1.2 |
15.1 ± 2.0 |
14.6 ± 1.4 |
| BMI (kg/m2) |
|
25.1 ± 4.8 |
24.0 ± 4.9 |
20.4 ± 2.9 |
21.6 ± 3.5 |
21.7 ± 2.6 |
18.9 ± 2.8 |
22.4 ± 3.3 |
20.7 ± 2.8 |
| BMIz |
|
1.37 ± 0.94 |
1.08 ± 1.06 |
0.00 ± 1.00 |
0.37 ± 0.94 |
0.40 ± 0.72 |
-0.67 ± 1.06 |
0.71 ± 0.77 |
0.30 ± 0.86 |
| %BF |
|
30.4 ± 10.9 |
29.6 ± 11.9 |
21.7 ± 9.6 |
24.7 ± 10.6 |
20.4 ± 8.7 |
22.4 ± 8.5 |
22.5 ± 9.6 |
26.2 ± 7.9 |
| TFM (kg) | 22.9 ± 13.0 | 21.5 ± 13.6 | 12.2 ± 7.1 | 15.7 ± 9.6 | 12.3 ± 6.3 | 11.2 ± 5.7 | 14.1 ± 7.7 | 15.0 ± 6.2 | |
BMI = Body mass index; BMIz = BMI z-score; %BF = Percent body fat; TFM = Total fat mass; Values are sample size (column %) or mean ± standard deviation.