Table 2.
Relationship between TV watching and body composition variablesa
| |
|
New Zealand |
Fiji |
Tonga |
Australia |
All |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hours per day | Pacific (N = 830) | Maori (N = 370) | Asian (N = 138) | European (N = 239) | All New Zealand (N = 1577) | Indigenous Fijian (N = 600) | Fijian Indian (N = 781) | All Fiji (N = 1381) | Tongan (N = 1019) | Australian (N = 1673) | All (N = 5650)d | |
| Mean BMIb |
<1 |
24.99 (0.17) |
23.96 (0.50) |
19.68 (0.43) |
21.04 (0.39) |
23.68 (0.24) |
21.68 (0.23) |
18.94 (0.20) |
20.13 (0.16) |
22.26 (0.15) |
20.62 (0.07) |
21.64 (0.08) |
| Increment in BMIc |
1-2 |
0.06 (0.45) |
0.23 (0.52) |
1.21 (0.42)† |
0.52 (0.13)‡ |
0.31 (0.26) |
-0.13 (0.28) |
-0.12 (0.18) |
-0.13 (0.18) |
0.23 (0.19) |
0.21 (0.14) |
0.16 (0.09) |
| >2 |
0.33 (0.29) |
-0.00 (0.51) |
0.69 (0.34)* |
1.18 (0.29)‡ |
0.41 (0.26) |
-0.00 (0.29) |
-0.12 (0.21) |
-0.08 (0.18) |
0.43 (0.21)* |
0.15 (0.10) |
0.23 (0.09)* |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mean BMIzb |
<1 |
1.35 (0.04) |
1.09 (0.11) |
-0.26 (0.15) |
0.21 (0.10) |
0.97 (0.06) |
0.42 (0.07) |
-0.63 (0.08) |
-0.18 (0.05) |
0.68 (0.04) |
0.28 (0.03) |
0.43 (0.02) |
| Increment in BMIzc |
1-2 |
0.01 (0.01) |
0.02 (0.10) |
0.39 (0.12)† |
0.16 (0.06)† |
0.07 (0.06) |
-0.04 (0.08) |
-0.07 (0.07) |
-0.06 (0.06) |
0.06 (0.05) |
0.04 (0.04) |
0.03 (0.03) |
| >2 |
0.06 (0.06) |
-0.03 (0.12) |
0.27 (0.11)* |
0.31 (0.08)‡ |
0.09 (0.06) |
-0.02 (0.08) |
-0.06 (0.08) |
-0.04 (0.06) |
0.09 (0.05) |
0.02 (0.03) |
0.05 (0.03) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mean %BFb |
<1 |
29.82 (0.52) |
28.92 (1.44) |
18.89 (1.35) |
23.09 (1.15) |
27.63 (0.52) |
20.50 (0.62) |
22.63 (0.60) |
21.71 (0.43) |
22.08 (0.60) |
26.07 (0.36) |
24.67 (0.23) |
| Increment in %BFc |
1-2 |
0.88 (1.22) |
1.55 (1.47) |
3.85 (2.51) |
1.48 (1.68) |
1.46 (0.77) |
-0.40 (0.70) |
-0.45 (0.65) |
-0.45 (0.54) |
0.54 (0.64) |
0.11 (0.44) |
0.43 (0.33) |
| >2 |
0.80 (0.73) |
0.37 (1.59) |
3.20 (1.32)* |
3.43 (0.88)‡ |
1.28 (0.46)* |
0.19 (0.67) |
-0.63 (0.56) |
-0.30 (0.44) |
1.61 (0.53)† |
0.37 (0.38) |
0.77 (0.24)† |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mean TFMb |
<1 |
22.35 (0.67) |
20.95 (1.61) |
9.98 (0.97) |
14.26 (1.03) |
19.69 (0.60) |
12.27 (0.47) |
11.27 (0.45) |
11.72 (0.33) |
13.69 (0.46) |
14.76 (0.22) |
15.19 (0.20) |
| Increment in TFMc | 1-2 |
0.64 (1.66) |
1.33 (1.85) |
3.33 (1.79) |
1.25 (0.68) |
1.21 (0.84) |
-0.19 (0.58) |
-0.20 (0.43) |
-0.25 (0.43) |
0.50 (0.48) |
0.49 (0.36) |
0.50 (0.28) |
| >2 | 0.98 (1.09) | 0.36 (1.63) | 2.28 (0.94)* | 3.15 (0.83)‡ | 1.27 (0.54) | 0.32 (0.61) | -0.31 (0.43) | -0.08 (0.34) | 1.44 (0.55)* | 0.47 (0.28) | 0.75 (0.21)‡ | |
aAdjusted for age and sex. “New Zealand All”, “Fiji All” and “All countries” were further adjusted for ethnicity; bStandard error in parentheses; cCompared to “<1 hour per day” (reference category). Standard error in parentheses; dR2 for BMI, BMIz, %BF and TFM models = 0.315, 0.311, 0.243 and 0.227, respectively; BMI = Body mass index (kg/m2); BMIz = BMI z-score; %BF = Percent body fat (%); TFM = Total fat mass (kg); *P<0.05; †P < 0.01; ‡P < 0.001.