Table 3.
Clinical findings in patients with PKAN: Asians versus Caucasians.
| Classic patients | Atypical patients | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asians | Caucasians | Asians | Caucasians | |
| N = 9 | N = 54 | N = 12 | N = 18 | |
| Age at onset (years) | 6.7 (2–10) | 4.7 (1–10) | 30.7 (17–51) | 18.3 (11–30) |
| Dysarthria | 89%* | 50% | 42% | 44% |
| Dystonia | 78% | 93% | 75% | 94% |
| General dystonia | 67% | 87% | 0%* | 89% |
| Cranial dystonia | 22%* | 81% | 50%* | 89% |
| Segmental dystonia | 0% | 4% | 67%* | 6% |
| Pyramidal signs | 56%* | 89% | 17%* | 83% |
| Mental impairment | 44%* | 85% | 8%* | 72% |
| Parkinsonism | 11%* | 50% | 42% | 39% |
| Psychiatric symptoms | 0% | 6% | 0% | 22% |
*Indicates the difference between Asians and Caucasians in each group (classic or atypical) reaches scientific significance, that is, P < 0.05.