Figure 3. Toxicity of the fermented castor cake. A, SDS-PAGE (12%) of proteins extracted from in natura (INA) and fermented (24, 48, 72, and 96 h) castor cake. Lane M = DNA marker. Twenty micrograms of protein was loaded in each lane. B, Cell concentration estimated by cell counting after cell growth for 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. Control cells = cells grown in DMEM; In natura = cells grown in the presence of castor crude cake; 24, 48, 72, and 96 h = times of fermentation (cells grown in the presence of fermented cake). C, Cytotoxicity of fermented cake incubated or not with ricin anti-A chain antibody (IgG+ and IgG-, respectively) measured using a lactate dehydrogenase activity assay.
