Figure 3. Relationship between ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) emitted in infancy and adulthood. Scatter plot depicting individual relationships between pup USV (40-kHz calls) emitted during a 10-min test of isolation and adult USV displayed in a fear-conditioning paradigm (22-kHz calls during the conditioned/unconditioned stimulus-phase of the conditioning day). Pup and adult calling were negatively correlated with each other (r = -429, P = 0.023). Data are taken from Wöhr and Schwarting (Behav Neurosci 2008; 122: 310-330).