Figure 3. Toxicity of flour and of the CI fraction prepared from Albizia lebbeck seed coat to Callosobruchus maculatus larvae. A and B, Larval mortality. B, a-d: larval mortality in artificial seeds containing the CI fraction (arrows). a: the larva died inside the egg; b: perforation of artificial seed; c and d: dead larvae found inside the artificial seed. e-j: development of larvae on natural A. lebbeck and Vigna unguiculata seeds. e: larva inside the egg on the 5th day after oviposition; f: inferior surface of the egg on the 5th day after oviposition; g: larva inside the egg on the 16th day after oviposition; h: A. lebbeck seed coat partially perforated on the 16th day after oviposition; i: hole across the host seed coat from V. unguiculata on the 6th day; j: hole on the V. unguiculata cotyledon surface on the 6th day after oviposition. The bar inside Panel a indicates magnification for Panels a-d. The bar inside Panel e indicates magnification for Panels e-g. The bar inside Panels h/i indicates magnification for Panels h-j. C, Larval mass at 20 days after oviposition. The seed coat fraction was incorporated into artificial seeds at different concentrations (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0%). Experiments were done in triplicate and the data shown are the means ± SD of these results. ^*P < 0.05 compared to control (t-test).