Table 3. Mean daily caffeine intake from the main dietary sources.
| Groups | Controls (N = 102) | ADPKD (N = 102) |
|---|---|---|
| Coffee | 115.9 ± 117.9* | 74.9 ± 74.5* |
| Soft drinks | 12.5 ± 21.1 | 6.9 ± 11.2 |
| Chocolate products | 3.9 ± 4.6 | 2.1 ± 4.2 |
| Teas | 1.8 ± 5.1 | 1.6 ± 6.3 |
Data are reported in mg as means ± SD. Groups: coffee (espresso, instant and brewed); soft drinks (cola and guarana); chocolate products (chocolate powder, dark, semi-sweet, and white chocolates); teas (mate and black). ADPKD = autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease patients.
*
P < 0.05 compared to soft drinks, chocolate products and teas (t-test).