TABLE 3.

Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis of clinicopathologic and treatment factors associated with local relapse after BCS for DCIS (n = 1216)

Variable	5 year LRR rate (%)	Univariate P	Hazard ratio	95 % Confidence interval	Multivariate P
Age
≥40 years	3.2	0.005	1.00 (reference)
<40 years	10.1		2.70	1.06–6.93	0.038
Initial presentationa
Clinical	5.6	0.026	1.00 (reference)
Radiological	3.2		0.58	0.28–1.24	0.160
Pathological sizeb
<1.5 cm	2.2	0.018	1.00 (reference)
≥1.5 cm	5.6		2.72	1.23–6.01	0.013
Margin statusc
Negative	3.7	0.270	1.00 (reference)
Close/positived	2.2		0.51	0.21–1.23	0.134
ER statuse
Positive	2.6	0.078	1.00 (reference)
Negative	5.3		2.23	0.71–7.04	0.171
Gradef
I	2.2	0.340	1.00 (reference)
II/III	3.7		1.80	0.54–6.03	0.340
Radiotherapy			1.00 (reference)
Yes	2.3	0.018
No	7.9		2.68	1.36–5.26	0.004
Endocrine use
Yes	2.0	0.087	1.00 (reference)
No	4.6		1.29	0.62–2.68	0.490

BCS breast-conserving surgery, DCIS ductal carcinoma-in-situ, LRR locoregional recurrence, ER estrogen receptor

^aInitial presentation signs were not available for 7 patients

^bLargest pathological sizes were recorded in 900 patients

^cMargins were not available for 12 patients

^dPositive in 4 patients; close (<2 mm) in 99 patients

^eER status was determined in 743 patients

^fGrade was not recorded in 29 patients