Fig. 1.

Role of hypothalamic neuroinflammation in metabolic disorders. Overnutrition activates pro-inflammatory IKK-β/NF-κB in the hypothalamic neurons, which occurs through intracellular neuronal stressors like ER stress, defective autophagy machinery as well as glia-neuron inflammatory cross-talk, collectively leading to hypothalamic metabolic deregulations that cause a spectrum of metabolic disorders.