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. 2013 Sep 25;2(4):348–355. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2013.09.003

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Regulatory elements in the preproinsulin mRNA UTRs. The green boxes indicate a 29 bp-sequence element, identified in the 5′-UTR of the rat preproinsulin gene 1. This element partially overlaps with the 9 bp-sequence identified in the rat proinsulin 2 mRNA as the preproinsulin glucose element (ppIGE, in yellow). The 3′-UTR of the preproinsulin transcript contains elements that control mRNA stability, including a pyrimidine-rich tract (in blue) downstream of the coding sequence (CDS), and a UUGAA motif (in orange). The UUGAA element is identical in human, rat and mouse, while other regulatory elements within preproinsulin mRNAs, though highly conserved in their location, display various degrees of sequence homology. The cross-species sequence homology of these elements among rat, mouse and human preproinsulin transcripts is shown. Red arrows point to non-conserved nucleotides. The shaded sequences are those identified as PTBP1 binding sites. A polypyrimidine tract is also found in the 5′-UTR of the human preproinsulin mRNA (not shown).