Table 6.
Effect of parental bipolar disorder on risk for anxiety or substance use disorders in offspring, adjusted for sex of proband, history of sexual abuse of proband, impulsive aggression of offspring, and sexual abuse of offspringa
| Variable | Hazard ratio | 95% CI | Chi square | df | p-value | Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Bipolar proband | 0.92 | 0.61–1.40 | 0.14 | 1 | 0.71 | R2 = 0.30 |
|
| ||||||
| Sex of proband | 1.36 | 0.82–2.23 | 1.42 | 1 | 0.23 | |
|
| ||||||
| Sexual abuse of proband | 1.48 | 1.01–2.17 | 3.96 | 1 | 0.05 | LRT = 152 |
|
| ||||||
| Impulsive aggression of offspring | 1.60 | 1.36–1.89 | 31.08 | 1 | < 0.001 | df = 46.2 |
|
| ||||||
| Sexual abuse of offspring | 1.61 | 1.05–2.48 | 4.76 | 1 | 0.03 | p ≤ 0.001 |
|
| ||||||
| Frailty | – | – | 55.40 | 42.3 | 0.09 | |
CI = confidence interval; df = degrees of freedom; LRT = likelihood ratio test.
a
The variable sex of offspring violated the proportional hazards assumption. Because bivariate analysis demonstrated offspring sex was not related to anxiety or substance use disorder risk [χ2(1) = 0.2, p = 0.635], this variable was dropped from the multivariate model. Results from the final, more parsimonious model are reported.