Table 1.

Definition and summary statistics of variables for Tsimane’ ≥16 years of age (2008–2009)

Variable	Definition	2008			2009			2008 & 2009
		Obs.	Mean	St.dev.	Obs.	Mean	St.dev.	%0a	Corr.b
[I] Dependent variables:
[A] Market outcomes [US$2008]
Local	Assets made by Tsimane’ from local materials and owned by participant: dugout canoes, mortars, hand-woven bags, grinding stones, and bows/arrows.	1,096	53	82	1,123	48	65	9%	0.53
Market	Commercial assets acquired in market and owned by participant: bicycles, shotguns, rifles, cooking pots, fishing nets, metal fishing hooks, machetes, axes, mosquito nets, radios, watches, grinding mills, metal knives.	1,096	155	194	1,123	211	242	2%	0.59
Animals	Domesticated edible animals owned by subject: Ducks, pigs, chickens, and cattle.	1,096	38	174	1,123	76	521	43%	0.65
Total wealth	Sum of total wealth (local+market+animals)	1,096	246	318	1,123	335	607	1%	0.62
Income	Sum of two different sources of income (i) sale of forest and farm goods and (ii) wages, during the seven days before the survey	1,091	19.2	55.4	1,123	15.1	54.3	59%	0.18
Consumption	Total consumption during the seven days prior to survey. Includes market food (e.g., wheat products, oil), durable assets (e.g., kitchen utensils), health (e.g., medicine), game (various mammals, fish, and wild birds), farm products (e.g., manioc), and other goods (e.g. transport fares)	1,091	16.6	30.6	1,122	13.2	21.0	0%	0.16
[B]. Non-market outcomes
BMI	Current body-mass index (body weight/standing height2) [kg/m2]. Lactating and pregnant women excluded.	1,031	23.7	2.8	1,099	23.5	2.7	0%	0.73
Perceived stress	Total number of episodes of the following negative emotions during the seven days before the survey: nervousness, anger, worry, sadness, inability to sleep, shame, frazzled at not having enough time to do all the subsistence and household chores needed, and envy.	1,078	7.0	6.9	1,119	7.9	6.4	11%	0.37
Child morbidity	Number of illnesses and symptoms of illnesses in the last 7 days (reported by principal caretaker)	1,586	0.6	0.7	1,405	0.4	0.7	57%	0.20
WHZ	Difference between weight-for-height value of Tsimane’ child and median value of reference population for the same sex and age, divided by the standard deviation of the reference population	1,200	0.42	1.1	939	0.25	0.9	0%	0.36
[II]. Explanatory variables:
[D]. Human capital
Math	Total score in math assessment. Participants had to sequentially add, subtract, multiply, and divide. Correct answers received one point. The test was stopped if participants did not answer correctly [0–4].	1,076	1.0	1.5	992	1.0	1.5	63%	0.62
Spanish	Fluency in Spanish: participants were asked a simple question in Spanish. 0=no Spanish, did not answer question (either in Tsimane’ or Spanish), 1= some knowledge or fluent Spanish	1,077	79%	41%	995	73%	44%	24%	0.34
Schooling	Years of formal education	1,065	2.1	2.7	1,115	2.0	2.7	43%	0.82
[E].Controls
Distance	Walking distance [hrs.] from village to nearest town or road during dry season (1day=12hrs)	40	5.7	6.8	40	5.7	6.8
Size	Number of people in the household	1,118	6.8	3.1	1,123	6.7	3.0
Children	Number of children <5 years old in the household	1,118	1.7	1.1	1,123	1.4	1.1
Age	Self-reported age (years)	1,118	35.5	15.6	1,123	36.0	15.6
Male	Participant’s sex (men=1, women=0)	1,118	48%		1,123	48%
T1	In-kind rice income transfers to all households (13 villages)	13	30%		13	30%
T2	In-kind rice income transfers to households in bottom 20% of village income distribution (14 villages)	14	35%		14	35%

Notes:

^a% 0 denotes the share of observations=0.

^bCorr.= intra-participant Pearson correlation coefficient between baseline and follow-up measure (i.e. the correlation over time).