Table 1.

Characteristics of Study Population for Cross‐Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses

	Cross‐Sectional Sample (n=1045)	IADSBP <10 mm Hg (n=995)	IADSBP ≥10 mm Hg (n=50)	P Value	Longitudinal Sample (n=629)
Age, y	66±13	66±13	64±14	.27	68±12
Follow‐up, y	–	–	–	–	4.1±1.6 (1–8)
Number of visits	–	–	–	–	2.7±1 (2–8)
Men, %	51	51	42	.21	50
African American, %	24	25	16	.16	28
Body mass index, kg/m2	27±5	27±4	31±6	<.0001	27±4
Waist circumference, cm	91±12	91±12	100±14	<.0001	92±11
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	191±37	191±37	193±43	.76	192±38
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL	59±17	59±17	50±15	<.001	59±17
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL	112±33	111±33	116±39	.41	112±33
Triglycerides, mg/dL	104±59	102±59	134±51	<.001	103±56
Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL	92±17	92±17	95±14	.25	95±18
Glomerular filtration rate, mL/min/1.73 m2	77±17	76±18	78±20	.53	74±17
Mean systolic BP, mm Hg	118±15	118±15	120±13	.30	120±15
Mean diastolic BP, mm Hg	66±9	66±9	66±7	.57	67±9
Mean BP, mm Hg	83±10	83±10	84±7	.82	84±9
Pulse pressure, mm Hg	51±13	51±13	54±14	.11	53±13
Heart rate, beats per min	66±10	65±9	69±12	.004	65±10
Carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity, m/s	7.4±1.9	7.3±1.9	8.2±2	.002	7.2±1.8
Ankle‐brachial index	1.18±0.1	1.18±0.1	1.19±0.1	.38	1.18±0.1
Ankle‐brachial index ≤0.9, %	2	2	0	.34	2
Hypertension, %	47	47	46	.93	53
BP ≥140/90 mm Hg, %	8	8	8	.91	10
Antihypertensive drugs, %	44	44	44	.99	50
Diabetes, %	19	18	42	<.0001	22
Smoking, ever, %	45	45	34	.12	47
Dyslipidemia, %	74	74	84	.11	76
Total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL, %	38	38	38	.98	39
Lipid‐lowering drugs, %	42	42	42	.98	44
Renal failure, %	17	17	18	.81	21
Obesity, %	23	21	56	<.0001	22
Central obesity, %	33	31	71	<.0001	34
Metabolic syndrome, %	10	9	24	<.001	10
Coronary artery disease, %	11	11	12	.74	9
Cardiac procedures, %	6	5	8	.38	7
Peripheral arterial disease, %	2	2	0	.27	2

Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; IADSBP, inter‐arm difference in systolic blood pressure; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein.