Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Study Sample, by Depression Status
| Variable | Total (N=572) | Depressed (n=158) | Non-depressed (n=413) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, M (SD) | 73.7 (6.8) | 72.7 (7.4) | 73.3 (6.5) | 0.617 |
| Female, (%) | 77.1 | 78.5 | 76.5 | 0.347 |
| BMI, M (SD) | 30.1 (5.7) | 30.6 (5.8) | 29.9 (5.6) | 0.237 |
| Education, % | ||||
| No schooling completed | 14.5 | 20.9 | 12.1 | 0.034* |
| ≤ 8th Grade | 44.8 | 45.6 | 44.3 | |
| Some HS and above | 27.3 | 24.7 | 28.3 | |
| Technical/Trade School | 3.0 | 2.5 | 3.1 | |
| Some College or greater | 10.5 | 6.3 | 12.1 | |
| Marital Status % | ||||
| Never Married | 12.6 | 19.7 | 10.0 | 0.009* |
| Married | 28.8 | 22.9 | 31.1 | |
| Separated/Divorced | 22.5 | 22.9 | 22.1 | |
| Widowed | 36.1 | 34.4 | 36.9 | |
| Annual household income, % | ||||
| Less than $5,000 | 17.0 | 24.2 | 16.1 | 0.005* |
| $5,000 to under $20,000 | 65.7 | 72.7 | 71.2 | |
| $20,000 to under $40,000 | 14.7 | 1.5 | 9.5 | |
| $40,000 to under $100,000 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 3.2 | |
| Living Arrangements | ||||
| Spouse | 30.2 | 24.1 | 32.7 | 0.230 |
| Friend or Relative | 31.1 | 35.4 | 29.5 | |
| Other Unrelated Individual | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | |
| Alone | 36.2 | 38.0 | 35.4 | |
| Acculturation | ||||
| Years in US | 36.6 (15.0) | 34.2 (13.7) | 37.7 (15.4) | 0.039* |
| Linguistic Acculturation | 2.1 (1.3) | 2.0 (1.3) | 2.2 (1.5) | 0.320 |
| Physical Activity | ||||
| Pedometer 7 day average | 3112.2 (1971.6) | 2742.7 (1923.4) | 3257.4 (1974.1) | 0.003* |
| YPAS (Summary Indices) | ||||
| Total Time | 10.9 (7.5) | 8.9 (6.2) | 11.7 (7.8) | <0.001* |
| Energy Expenditure | 2428.6 (1995.3) | 1908.3 (1432.8) | 2626.3 (2142.9) | <0.001* |
| Activity Dimensions | 36.6 (22.3) | 33.1 (20.9) | 38.03 (22.7) | 0.014* |
Note: YPAS = Yale Physical Activity Survey; BMI = Body mass index
Depression status was measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) screening tool.
*
p ≤ 0.05