Table 1.

Hepatic and pulmonary histopathological and IHC findings for DENA-treated or untreated colony breeder rhesus macaques.

	IHC labeling results
Treatment group	Animal ID	Dose schedule	Cumulative dose (g)	Duration on study (months)	Tissue examined	HCC diagnosis	β-catenin	GS
Level	902L	1 mg/Kg	1.45	204	Liver	+	+ M, C, N	+
					Lung	−	−	−
	1102P		1.86	164	Liver	+	+ M, C, N	+
					Lung	−	−	−
	1088P		2.96	207	Liver	+	+ M, C, N	+
					Lung	−	−	−
Escalating	716I	10–20–40 mg/Kg	0.7	8	Liver	−	−	−
					Lung	−	−	−
	595G		1.84	15	Liver	+	+ M, C	+Focal
					Lung	+	+ M, C	+Focal
	1236T		2.58	16	Liver	+	+ C	+
					Lung	+	+ M, C	+
	4T		4.08	26	Liver	+	+ C	+/− Rare
					Lung	+	+ M	+/− Rare
Colony breeder	303T	None	n/a	n/a	Liver	−	−	−
					Lung	−	−	−
	324G		n/a	n/a	Liver	−	n/d	n/d
	302T		n/a	n/a	Lung	−	−	−

HCC = hepatocellular carcinoma; DENA = diethylnitrosamine; IHC = immunohistochemistry; GS = glutamine synthetase; M = membranous labeling; C = cytoplasmic labeling; N = nuclear labeling; focal = limited numbers of cells in a tissue region; rare = occasional isolated positive cells; + = positive; − = negative; n/a = not applicable; n/d = not determinable, tissue preservation not optimal for IHC.