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. 2013 Dec 5;8(12):e82497. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082497

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© 2013 Liao et al

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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A. DA (50 μM) markedly increases the membrane potential of PNs, under conditions with no stimulation. a–c. Raw traces in the boxed areas showing the spike frequency before DA application (a), after DA application (b), and after washing (c). The dashed line represents the initial membrane potential. B. Average membrane potential changes without stimulation. C. DA produces depolarization. The dashed line represents the initial membrane potential. D. Average membrane potential changes induced by DA in the presence of TTX (1μM) (*p<0.05).