Fig. 4.

HBoV1 infection of MucilAir HAE causes airway epithelial damage. At the end of the infection (26 days p.i.), insert membranes of the infected MucilAir HAE cultures were fixed and stained with an anti-HBoV1 NS1 antibody (A), or co-stained with anti-HBoV1 NS1 and anti-β-tubulin IV antibody (B) and with anti-HBoV1 NS1 and anti-ZO-1 antibodies (C). Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). The stained cells were visualized by confocal microscopy at magnifications of 40× and 100×, as indicated.