Table 1.
Top five molecular and cellular functions associated with proteins downregulated in diabetic retinas
| Category and annotations | p value | Molecules | No. molecules |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cell-to-cell signalling and interaction | |||
| Synaptic transmission | 7.93 × 10−6 | DPP6, GLRB, SLC12A5, SLC17A7, SLC1A3, SV2A, SV2B, VDAC1 | 8 |
| Long-term potentiation | 4.10 × 10−3 | DPP6, KRAS, SLC17A7, SYNGR1, VDAC1 | 5 |
| Long-term potentiation of synapse | 4.59 × 10−3 | DPP6, SLC17A7, SYNGR1, VDAC1 | 4 |
| Accumulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine | 4.81 × 10−3 | MAOA | 1 |
| Sequestration of neurotransmitter | 4.81 × 10−3 | SLC17A7 | 1 |
| Release of l-glutamic acid | 6.87 × 10−3 | SLC17A7, SLC1A3 | 2 |
| Paired-pulse facilitation of synapse | 1.81 × 10−2 | SYNGR1, VDAC1 | 2 |
| Aggregation of neurons | 2.38 × 10−2 | ATP1B1 | 1 |
| Catabolism of dopamine | 2.38 × 10−2 | MAOA | 1 |
| Plasticity of synapse | 4.23 × 10−2 | KRAS, SYNGR1 | 2 |
| Formation of adherens junctions | 4.25 × 10−2 | KRAS | 1 |
| Cellular assembly and organisation | |||
| Activation of permeability transition pores | 2.28 × 10−5 | SLC25A4, SLC25A5 | 2 |
| Fragmentation of microtubules | 4.81 × 10−3 | TUBB | 1 |
| Organisation of axon terminals | 4.81 × 10−3 | MAOA | 1 |
| Expansion of thalamocortical axons | 9.59 × 10−3 | MAOA | 1 |
| Quantity of thalamocortical axons | 9.59 × 10−3 | MAOA | 1 |
| Segregation of sensory projections | 9.59 × 10−3 | MAOA | 1 |
| Morphology of Golgi apparatus | 1.44 × 10−2 | TMED10 | 1 |
| Organisation of Golgi apparatus | 2.85 × 10−2 | TMED10 | 1 |
| Formation of adherens junctions | 4.25 × 10−2 | KRAS | 1 |
| Morphology of mitochondria | 4.35 × 10−2 | NDUFA13, SLC25A4 | 2 |
| Amino acid metabolism | |||
| Import of l-glutamic acid | 6.81 × 10−5 | SLC17A7, SLC1A3 | 2 |
| Synthesis of GABA | 4.81 × 10−3 | SLC1A3 | 1 |
| Synthesis of l-glutamic acid | 4.81 × 10−3 | SLC1A3 | 1 |
| Release of l-glutamic acid | 6.87 × 10−3 | SLC17A7, SLC1A3 | 2 |
| Metabolism of l-glutamic acid | 1.91 × 10−2 | SLC1A3 | 1 |
| Molecular transport | |||
| Import of l-glutamic acid | 6.81 × 10−5 | SLC17A7, SLC1A3 | 2 |
| Transport of anions | 1.39 × 10−4 | GLRB, SLC12A5, SLC4A3, VDAC1 | 4 |
| Transport of ions | 5.13 × 10−4 | ATP2B1, CAMK2D, CAMK2G, GLRB, SLC12A5, SLC4A3, VDAC1 | 7 |
| Transport of molecules | 1.51 × 10−3 | ATP2B1, CAMK2D, CAMK2G, GLRB, SLC12A5, SLC17A7, SLC1A3, SLC4A3, TMED10, VDAC1 | 10 |
| Transport of Ca2+ | 3.14 × 10−3 | ATP2B1, CAMK2D, CAMK2G | 3 |
| Accumulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine | 4.81 × 10−3 | MAOA | 1 |
| Exchange of ADP | 4.81 × 10−3 | SLC25A4 | 1 |
| Exchange of ATP | 4.81 × 10−3 | SLC25A4 | 1 |
| Release of lactic acid | 4.81 × 10−3 | SLC1A3 | 1 |
| Translocation of ADP | 4.81 × 10−3 | VDAC1 | 1 |
| Release of l-glutamic acid | 6.87 × 10−3 | SLC17A7, SLC1A3 | 2 |
| Transport of chloride | 6.87 × 10−3 | GLRB, SLC12A5 | 2 |
| Redistribution of cholesterol | 1.91 × 10−2 | ATP1A1 | 1 |
| Transport of cations | 2.47 × 10−2 | ATP2B1, CAMK2D, CAMK2G, SLC12A5 | 4 |
| Small-molecule biochemistry | |||
| Import of l-glutamic acid | 6.81 × 10−5 | SLC17A7, SLC1A3 | 2 |
| Accumulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine | 4.81 × 10−3 | MAOA | 1 |
| Exchange of ADP | 4.81 × 10−3 | SLC25A4 | 1 |
| Exchange of ATP | 4.81 × 10−3 | SLC25A4 | 1 |
| Oxidation of lactic acid | 4.81 × 10−3 | MLXIPL | 1 |
| Release of lactic acid | 4.81 × 10−3 | SLC1A3 | 1 |
| Sequestration of neurotransmitters | 4.81 × 10−3 | SLC17A7 | 1 |
| Synthesis of GABA | 4.81 × 10−3 | SLC1A3 | 1 |
| Synthesis of l-glutamic acid | 4.81 × 10−3 | SLC1A3 | 1 |
| Translocation of ADP | 4.81 × 10−3 | VDAC1 | 1 |
| Release of l-glutamic acid | 6.87 × 10−3 | SLC17A7, SLC1A3 | 2 |
| Metabolism of l-glutamic acid | 1.91 × 10−2 | SLC1A3 | 1 |
| Redistribution of cholesterol | 1.91 × 10−2 | ATP1A1 | 1 |
| Catabolism of dopamine | 2.38 × 10−2 | MAOA | 1 |
| Synthesis of glucocorticoids | 2.85 × 10−2 | ATP1A1 | 1 |
Protein abbreviations are based on official gene symbols (NCBI Entrez Gene)