Table 2.

Characteristics of the children and their diagnostic pathway

	Child characteristics					Family			Disease intervals				Common symptoms												Diagnosis
Study number	Gender (M, male; F, female)	Age (years)	DKA	Family history of T1D	Medical/ experience of T1D	Mother educational level	Father educational level	Family income bracket (k/year)	Appraisal interval (days)	Help-seeking interval (days)	Diagnostic interval (days)	Total interval (days)	Behaviour changes	Lethargy	Disturbed sleep	Polydipsia	Polyuria	Nocturia	Nocturnal enuresis	Incontinence	Vomiting	Weight loss	Increased appetite	Decreased appetite	Made by parents	Suspected by parents	Parents looked on internet	Number of consultations with HCP	Saw own GP prior to diagnosis
1	F	6				P	P	70–100	0	5	1	6				●*		●*							●		●	1
2	M	13				S	C	30–50	9	2	0	11	●	●*		●	●*	●				●*				●	●	1	●
3	F	9				P	S	30–50	15	1	0	16			●	●*		●	●	●		●*				●	●	1	●
4	F	7				C	C	10–20	17	0	0	17		●*		●	●	●				●		●				1
5	M	8				S	S	30–50	17	1	0	18				●*	●					●*		●		●		1	●
6	M	5				U	U	70–100	18	3	0	21				●*			●				●			●	●	1	●
7	M	3				U	U	20–30	20	1	0	21		●		●*	●		●			●				●	●	1
8	F	10	●			U	S	30–50	36	2	0	36	●	●		●					●*	●						1	●
9	M	7		●		S	U	30–50	35	1	1	37	●	●	●	●			●			●*						2	●
10	M	2	●			P	U	30–50	32	4	3	39	●	●*	●	●	●				●*							2	●
11	M	2		●	●	P	C	50–70	45	0	0	45		●	●	●*	●			●					●			1
12	F	3				P	P	>100	35	10	4	49		●		●			●			●*	●			●	●	2	●
13	F	10				S	S	30–50	28	37	0	65				●*	●		●			●				●	●	1	●
14	F	4		●	●	U	S	30–50	79	1	0	80	●	●	●			●	●	●		●*			●			1	●
15	M	13				S	S	20–30	78	26	14	118	●			●	●	●				●*					●	2	●
16	M	14			●	P	S	30–50	123	4	0	127	●				●	●				●*	●		●			1	●

*Indicates those symptoms that triggered the decision to seek help from a healthcare professional. For educational level, P, postgraduate degree; U undergraduate degree; C college; S, secondary school.

DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis; T1D, type 1 diabetes.