A: adiponectin mRNA, B: adiponectin protein, C: adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) mRNA and adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) mRNA, D: adaptor protein containing pleckstrin homology domain, phosphotyrosine binding domain, and leucine zipper motif 1 (APPL1) protein. The protein expression levels of adiponectin and APPL1 were shown as the relative values to the expression level of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) protein. Mean ± SEM. n = 5. Cont: untreated control group, overloaded: functional overloaded group. See figures 1 and 2 for other abbreviations. a and b: a significant effect of treatment (p<0.05) and a significant effect of time revealed by two-way ANOVA (treatment and time). *, †, and ¶: p<0.05 vs. 1 week of control group, 1 week of overloaded group, and 3 weeks of control group, respectively.