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Intensity of response by (a) herring gulls and (b) great black-backed gulls to various auditory stimuli and a physical approach by a human. Raw means and standard errors are reported, with different letters indicating statistically significant differences among stimuli, based on log odds ratios. SOSP = song sparrow, WESJ = western scrub-jay, HERG = herring gull, GBBG = great black-backed gull, BAEA = bald eagle.
