Figure 1.

Different schemes of chambers for sustaining living cells. (A) Demountable liquid flow cell using submicrometer thick diamond windows [3]; (B) Fully-sealed microfluidic chamber employing 1 and 2 mm thick CaF₂ windows as the top and bottom windows, separated by an 8.5 μm photoresist layer (Reprinted with permission from [6]. Copyright 2012 American Chemical Society); (C) Demountable liquid flow cell employing 2 mm thick CaF₂ windows as the substrate and lid for the cell (Reprinted with permission from [14]. Copyright 2010 Elsevier); and (D) Open channel microfluidic design employed by Holman et al., consisting of 10–15 μm deep microchannels embedded onto a Si chip with controlled inlet and outlet pressures, (Reprinted with permission from [5]. Copyright 2009 American Chemical Society).