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. 2013 Nov 19;14(11):22796–22816. doi: 10.3390/ijms141122796

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© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

miRNA biogenesis and processing. Canonical biogenesis of pri-miRNA transcription is mediated by Pol II. Next, the microprocessor complex composed of Drosha and DGCR8 mediates the nuclear cleavage of pri-miRNA into pre-miRNA. The nuclear export of pre-miRNA is subsequently mediated by exportin-5/Ran-GTP61. Cytoplasmic pre-miRNA is processed by Dicer into a duplex microRNA. The next step is the unwinding of the duplex into a mature ~22 nucleotide miRNA and a miRNA* by the RISC complex. The mature miRNA is generally conveyed by the RISC on the targeted mRNA, whilst miRNA* can be degraded or alternatively perform a different targeting.