Table 3.
Outcome and process variables across the study period
| Characteristic | POWIR (n=23)
|
FLEX (n=25)
|
p value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 6 months | 12 months | % change 0–12 | Baseline | 6 months | 12 months | % change 0–12 | ||
| Outcome variables | |||||||||
| Spine BMD (g/cm2) | 0.983 (0.113) | 0.984 (0.111) | 0.972 (0.119) | −1.1 | 0.988 (.118) | 0.977 (.117) | 0.970 (0.126) | −1.8 | 0.18 |
| Total hip BMD (g/cm2) | 0.909 (0.095) | 0.907 (0.098) | 0.899 (0.096) | −1.1 | 0.892 (.119) | 0.891 (.120) | 0.887 (0.119) | −0.56 | 0.65 |
| Trochanter BMD (g/cm2) | 0.689 (0.065) | 0.688 (0.065) | 0.683 (0.066) | −.87 | 0.666 (.099) | 0.666 (0.102) | 0.662 (0.101) | −0.60 | 0.90 |
| Femoral neck BMD (g/cm2) | 0.809 (0.11) | 0.803 (0.11) | 0.804 (0.108) | −.62 | 0.781 (.093) | 0.776 (0.099) | 0.773 (0.095) | −1.0 | 0.68 |
| Osteocalcin (ng/ml) | 10.6 (4.07) | 10.1 (5.2) | 9.78 (4.5) | −7.7 | 14.0 (3.78) | 10.8 (4.0) | 11.9 (5.5) | −15.0 | 0.22 |
| Deoxypyrodinoline (nmol/mmol creatinine) | 13.0 (4.95) | 11.8 (6.8) | 15.8 (12.1) | 21.5 | 14.2 (4.57) | 15.5 (10.4) | 15.0 (8.6) | 5.6 | 0.39 |
| Body weight (kg) | 72.3 (13.4) | 73.5 (14.1) | 73.6 (14.9) | 1.8 | 70.4 (12.7) | 71.0 (12.7) | 72.3 (13.3) | 2.7 | 0.34 |
| Bone-free lean mass (kg) | 45.3 (5.0) | 46.0 (5.0) | 46.0 (5.4) | 1.5 | 44.7 (4.9) | 44.6 (4.7) | 45.1 (5.0) | 0.89 | 0.16 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 25.8 (9.6) | 26.4 (10.2) | 26.5 (10.6) | 2.7 | 24.4 (8.7) | 25.0 (9.1) | 26.0 (9.3) | 6.6 | 0.17 |
| % Body fat | 35.3 (6.8) | 35.4 (7.1) | 35.4 (7.3) | .28 | 34.3 (6.8) | 35.4 (7.1) | 35.6 (6.6) | 3.8 | 0.04c |
| Process variables/covariates | |||||||||
| Upper body strength (lbs) | 66.1 (13.8) | 73.0 (16.1) | 74.8 (15.7) | 11.6 | 67.7 (15.4) | 72.5 (13.8) | 69.4 (14.7) | 2.5 | 0.03* |
| Lower body strength (lbs) | 209.1 (66.1) | 229.8 (63.4) | 237.4 (68.0) | 13.5 | 199.2 (41.5) | 213.8 (39.9) | 214.8 (36.8) | 7.8 | 0.23 |
| Energy expenditure (kcal/day)a | 2,716 (1,332) | 3,497 (1,782) | 3,178 (1,793) | 17.0 | 2,703 (1,447) | 3,444 (2,066) | 2,812 (1,490) | 4.0 | 0.68 |
| Energy intake (kcal/d)b | 1,583 (323) | 1,589 (372) | 1,510 (417) | −4.6 | 1,608 (559) | 1,417 (486) | 1,313 (399) | −18.3 | 0.04* |
| Calcium intake (mg/day)b | 797 (237) | 720 (228) | 745 (253) | −6.6 | 802 (340) | 726 (329) | 646 (209) | −19.5 | 0.19 |
Data presented as unadjusted mean (SD) from participants with complete datasets
BMD bone mineral density
*
p value from RM-ANCOVA of baseline, 6- and 12-month time points, controlled for age, time since diagnosis, adjuvant hormone therapy use
a
Energy expenditure calculated from CHAMPS physical activity survey and includes energy expended in activities ranging from low to vigorous intensity per week
b
Energy intake and calcium intake were calculated from the Block Food Frequency questionnaire and includes calcium obtained both from dietary sources and from dietary supplements
c
Change in energy intake from 0–12 months included added as covariate