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. 2013 Sep 28;13:152. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-13-152

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Copyright © 2013 Adams et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Benchmarking diagram. Plsek’s p-chart for mechanical ventilation for unit 8 versus the other level III NICUs in Switzerland (CH) displaying historical annual percentages for 2000–2012. The mean (Avg) percentage over the entire period is 44.2% for the unit and 50.2% for CH. The 1st and 2nd standard deviation (SD) of the unit are dotted lines (SD were calculated using the formula SD = SQRT {[mean percentage x (1 - mean percentage)] / [sample size]}) whereas the 3rd SD are dashed lines. The unit’s upper and lower control limits (UCL = 58% and LCL = 30.3%, respectively) are set by convention at ± 3 SD beyond the mean.