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. 2013 Oct 22;3(13):4596–4609. doi: 10.1002/ece3.792

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© 2013 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Re-use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Creative Commons Deed, Attribution 2.5, which does not permit commercial exploitation.

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The effect of environmental change before development only that carries over to selection (pattern 3, Table 1, within-generation correlation = 1) on the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Temporal variation is scaled as a percentage of the length of the environmental gradient. (A) and (B) The interaction of dispersal rate and the standard deviation of the local phenotypic optima (correlation among generations = 0). (A) Selection before dispersal (select first); (B) dispersal before selection (move first). (C) Change synchronized across the metapopulation (correlation among generations = 0) for dispersal before selection (move first). (D) The interaction of temporal variation and among-generation correlation (dispersal rate = 64%) for dispersal before selection (move first).