| Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) |
Inflammatory autoimmune demyelinating disease associated with demyelination, astrocyte loss and neuronal degeneration |
Autoantibody-mediated loss of AQP4+ and GFAP+ astrocytes |
118
|
| Baldò’s disease |
Inflammatory demyelinating disease characterized by concentric demyelinating lesions and astrocyte hypertrophy |
Loss of Cx43 and AQP4, MLC1 mislocalization |
122
|
| Wernicke’s encephalopathy |
Metabolic encephalopathy associated with brain damage, edema, loss of neurons, gliosis |
Loss of EAAT1 and EAAT2, decrease in AQP4 and glutamine synthetase |
124-126
|
| Hepatic encephalopathy |
Cytotoxic brain edema |
Ammonia and glutamine-induced astrocyte swelling, neurotransmitter receptor alterations |
127-129
|
