| glycerol + ATP ↔ ADP + glycerol-3-phosphate | (catalyzed by GlpK) |
| ADP + phosphoenolpyruvate + H+ ↔ pyruvate + ATP | (catalyzed by pyruvate kinase) |
| Pyruvate + NADH + H+ ↔ lactate + NAD+ | (catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase) |
| glycerol + ATP ↔ ADP + glycerol-3-phosphate | (catalyzed by GlpK) |
| ADP + phosphoenolpyruvate + H+ ↔ pyruvate + ATP | (catalyzed by pyruvate kinase) |
| Pyruvate + NADH + H+ ↔ lactate + NAD+ | (catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase) |