Table 3.
Prevalence Ratios from Multivariate Models of Risk Factor Prevalence, Awareness and Control for Residence in a Primary Care Shortage Area among MESA participants, Baseline Exam (2000–2002)
| Model 1: Unadjusted | Model 2: Plus Demographics§ | Model 3: Plus Acculturation|| | Model 4: Plus Socio-Economic Variables# | Model 5: Plus Access to Health Care** | Model 6: Plus Neighborhood SES§§ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes | ||||||
| Prevalence | 1.34† | 1.12 | 1.11 | 1.08 | 1.06 | 1.04 |
| Awareness* | 0.99 | 1.03 | 1.03 | 1.03 | 1.00 | 1.01 |
| Hypertension | ||||||
| Prevalence | 1.12† | 1.03 | 1.03 | 1.02 | 1.02 | 0.97 |
| Awareness * | 1.04 | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.93 |
| Control * | 0.97 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.86 |
| Hyperlipidemia | ||||||
| Prevalence | 1.02 | 1.12 | 1.11 | 1.12 | 1.09 | 1.13 |
| Awareness * | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 1.01 |
| Control* | 0.93 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.96 |
| BMI | ||||||
| Normal Weight | 0.82† | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.99 |
| Overweight | 1.02 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.08 |
| Obese | 1.15† | 1.09 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.00 |
| Smoking | ||||||
| Never Smoked | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.07 |
| Previously Smoked | 0.86† | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.90 | 0.89 | 0.91 |
| Current Smoker | 1.28† | 1.16 | 1.16 | 1.13 | 1.14 | 1.00 |
| Cumulative Number of Risk Factors | ||||||
| None | 0.75‡ | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.97 |
| 3 or More Risk Factors | 1.20 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 1.03 | 1.02 | 0.94 |
Abbreviations: MESA, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; SES, socioeconomic status; BMI, body mass index
Among prevalent cases (hypertension, n=2656; hyperlipidemia, n=1429; diabetes, n=704)
P<0.05;
P<0.001
Model includeddemographic covariates including age, gender, race/ethnicity, site, marital status and education.
Model included demographics plus measures of acculturation covariates including born in the US and English spoken in home.
Model included demographics, acculturation plus socioeconomic covariates including income <$40,000, residential status, employment and health insurance.
Model included demographics, acculturation, socioeconomic and health care access covariates including usual source of care and source of payment for usual care.
Model included demographics, acculturation, socioeconomic, health care access and neighborhood SES covariates including neighborhood poverty, education/occupation, immigrants/crowding, percentage African American/family structure and residential stability.