Table 1.

Interval IUD insertion after cesarean section

Type of IUD	Number of subjects	Time of insertion	Significant event rate	Comments	Study
$\begin{array}{l}\text{Antigon I}-45\hfill \\ \text{Antigon III}-17\hfill \\ \text{Antigon IV}-29\hfill \\ \text{Antigon F}-33\hfill \end{array}\}$	121	6–8 weeks	Expulsion 28.3*,e Controls expulsion 11.8%	Prospective, cumulative per 100 woman yearsa	Wiese5
$\begin{array}{l}\text{Lippes loop}\hfill \\ \text{Cu-T}\hfill \\ \text{Multiload}\hfill \\ \text{Cu-T} 200\hfill \end{array}\}$	318	6 weeks+	Nil	Retrospective pooled Controlledb	Chi and Balogh6
Cu-T 200	107	6 weeks	Expulsion 6.5%* Removals 8.4%*	Prospective controlled %, not life tablec	Gupta et al7
$\begin{array}{l}\text{Dalkon shield} 2\hfill \\ \text{MLCu} 250 168\hfill \\ {\text{Copper 7}}^{\text{®}} 22\hfill \\ \text{Lippes loop} 7\hfill \\ {\text{Copper-T}}^{\text{®}} 2\hfill \\ \text{Not stated} 14\hfill \end{array}\}$	215	6 weeks+	Expulsion 19e	Retrospective cumulative rate, non-controlledd	Holloway et al8
Szontagh IUD	288	Interval	Expulsion elevated (rate not specified)a	Controlled prospective cumulative rates not expressed	Chi et al9
$\begin{array}{l}\text{VCu} 200\hfill \\ \text{TCu} 380\text{A}\hfill \end{array}\}$	400	Interval	Pregnancy□ Removal⋄ Expulsion• VCu 200 0% TCu 380A 3.1%a	Prospective controlled VCu vs TCu 380A Event rates for both devices within accepted limits Not cumulative	Tang and Feng10
Cu-T 200	45	Interval	Expulsion 8.8%a	Not life-table1 perforation not controlled	Parikh and Gandhi11

Notes:

^*P<0.05 for study group versus control group;

^□P<0.05 for VCu (1.02%) versus TCu 380A (4.64%);

^⋄P<0.05 for VCu (1.02%) versus TCu 380A (4.13%);

^•P<0.05 for VCu (0%) versus TCu 380A (3.1%);

^a12 month follow up;

^b6 month follow up;

^c24 month follow up;

^d48 month follow up;

^eper 100 women years of use. Antigon (Svend Schroeder Co., Copenhagen, Denmark); Lippes Loop (Ortho Pharmaceutical, Raritan, NJ, USA); Dalkon shield (AH Robbins, Richmond, VA, USA); MLCu (Prosan S.A. Arnham, the Netherlands); Copper 7® (G.D.Searle and Co., High Wycombe, England, UK); Copper-T® (Ortho Pharmaceutical); Szontagh IUD (Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary); VCu (Dr Y. Wu, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China); TCu 380A (Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Petach Tikva, Israel); Copper T 200 originally marketed by Ortho Pharmaceuticals, now replaced by TCU 380A of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.

Abbreviation: IUD, intrauterine device; vs, versus.