Figure 1. Alkyl chain length increases ITC-induced loss of HDAC activity and expression. (A) HCT116 cells were treated with vehicle (DMSO), ITC (15 ?M) or TSA (1 ?M) and 24 h later HDAC activity was measured in whole cell lysates (black bars). Compounds also were directly incubated with HeLa nuclear extracts in a cell-free assay (gray bars). The chemical structure of each ITC is shown. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. vehicle controls. (B) Whole cell lysates were immunoblotted for selected HDACs; ?-actin, loading control. Data are representative of at least three independent experiments