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. 2013 Apr 26;8(6):612–623. doi: 10.4161/epi.24710

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Copyright © 2013 Landes Bioscience

This is an open-access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License. The article may be redistributed, reproduced, and reused for non-commercial purposes, provided the original source is properly cited.

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graphic file with name epi-8-612-g6.jpg — Figure 6. Induction of autophagy by SFN and related ITCs. (A) Representative transmission electron micrographs ( × 10 000) showing autophagosomes (arrows) in HCT116 cells, 24 h after treatment with SFN, 6-SFN and 9-SFN; N, nucleus. A high magnification image (x 35 000) reveals autophagosomes with cellular debris and degraded organelles. (B) Immunoblotting of whole cell lysates for LC3B, CtIP and HDAC3 confirmed that the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) attenuated ITC-induced LC3B cleavage and CtIP loss, which coincided with enhanced cell growth and viability (C). *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 vs. the respective vehicle controls.