Table 1.

Volatile compounds identified in the headspace of ca-alginate with liquid smoke beads with and without a chitosan layer using SPME-GC-MS and CAR/PDMS

N°a	Compoundb	Trc	Without chitosan			With chitosan			References
			Aread	DSe	%Areaf	Aread	DSe	%Areaf
1	2,3-Dihydro-3-methyl-furan	9.662	11578401	95771	0.22	5831328	466262	0.16
2	BCH	11.843	23895215	2728274	0.45	7141351	2961590	0.20	(Guillen et al. 1995)
3	5-Methyl-2(5H)-furanone	12.181	6072394	254826	0.11	3497023	438930	0.10
4	Furfural	12.560	507395584	74669666	9.58	186358024	69785027	5.12	(Guillen et al. 1995; Meier 2009)
5	Pentan-2-one	13.386	9032961	1526339	0.17	–	–	–
6	Ethylene	13.410	–	–	–	5038574	1835822	0.14
7	Heptanal	13.582	–	–	–	6403195	1801316	0.18
8	2-Methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one	14.319	32261566	501489	0.61	25129879	3477631	0.69	(Guillen et al. 1995; Meier 2009)
9	1-(2-furanyl)-1-Heptanone	14.426	4617095	2375484	0.09	–	–	0.00
10	1-(2-furanyl)-Ethanone,	14.495	33017859	6243563	0.62	23648880	11935306	0.65	(Guillen et al. 1995; Sung et al. 2007)
11	5-Methyl-2-furfural	14.629	17656262	7157390	0.33	9919541	7551758	0.27	(Guillen et al. 1995; Meier 2009; Sung et al. 2007)
12	Benzaldehyde	15.843	83698562	10669095	1.58	40852832	10758537	1.12
13	5-Methyl-2-furfural	15.979	123476336	10184382	2.33	58673022	1661305	1.61	(Guillen et al. 1995; Meier 2009; Sung et al. 2007)
14	Octanal	16.120	48208638	248513	0.91	22714179	10820335	0.62
15	2,3-Benzofuran	16.313	31020124	16634694	0.59	17274521	12157214	0.47
16	3-Methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one	16.416	33895301	1158154	0.64	–	–	–	(Guillen et al. 1995; Kostyra and Barylko-Pikielna 2006; Meier 2009)
17	2,3-Dimethyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one	16.574	35854182	5686148	0.68	24072308	9631759	0.66	(Meier 2009; Sung et al. 2007)
18	2-Ethyl-1-hexanol	16.805	29943294	5468244	0.57	18670085	8305772	0.51
19	BCH	17.021	18026609	10764101	0.34	11280184	10904442	0.31
20	Phenol	17.330	195022011	167897	3.68	130974173	10813942	3.60	(Guillen et al. 1995; Kostyra and Barylko-Pikielna 2006; Meier 2009; Sung et al. 2007)
21	BCH	17.465	36536245	11751074	0.69	27390328	1454229	0.75
22	3-Methyl-1,2-cyclopentanedione	17.649	26392343	23355974	0.50	22580993	8278752	0.62	(Guillen et al. 1995; Kostyra and Barylko-Pikielna 2006)
23	2-Hydroxy-benzaldehyde	17.955	93256347	26397546	1.76	46533158	111686	1.28
24	5-Ethyl-2-furaldehyde	18.311	21372376	7123980	0.40	25682110	2390320	0.71
25	Nonanal	18.597	163765051	21789489	3.09	125077875	12155338	3.43
26	2-Methylphenol(o-Cresol)	18.847	378525870	4848340	7.15	291121987	23755079	7.99	(Guillen et al. 1995; Kostyra and Barylko-Pikielna 2006; Meier 2009; Sung et al. 2007)
27	2-Methoxy-phenol	19.102	344884536	29101825	6.51	256166463	30069657	7.03	(Guillen et al. 1995; Kostyra and Barylko-Pikielna 2006; Meier 2009)
28	BCH	19.267	–	–	–	21329852	2867259	0.59
29	3-Methylphenol	19.563	309446840	5524007	5.85	–	–	–	(Guillen et al. 1995)
30	4-Methylphenol	19.569	–	–	–	225001676	13529714	6.18	(Guillen et al. 1995; Sung et al. 2007)
31	2,6-Dimethylphenol	19.901	277377673	10105398	5.24	218001136	19938202	5.99	(Meier 2009)
32	2-Hydroxy-4-methylbenzaldehyde	20.169	61258353	14053698	1.16	36284039	2260354	1.00
33	BCH	20.340	14840447	870018	0.28	12242113	1156621	0.34
34	BCH	20.522	25329096	5903907	0.48	23534052	27722	0.65
35	1,3-Dimethoxybenzene	20.698	18729946	6553074	0.35	13022534	470820	0.36	(Sung et al. 2007)
36	2-Ethylphenol	20.908	77990925	11250054	1.47	64163413	11231097	1.76	(Guillen et al. 1995; Meier 2009)
37	Unknown	21.033	26487257	4105222	0.50	14299323	250164	0.39
38	2,4-Dimethylphenol	21.156	488187860	33929962	9.22	374696935	39143494	10.29	(Guillen et al. 1995; Kostyra and Barylko-Pikielna 2006; Meier 2009)
39	1-(2-Methylphenyl)-ethanone	21.411	29300453	16698957	0.55	30917915	2763154	0.85
40	Naphthalene	21.652	106911541	19237935	2.02	91953746	7164535	2.53	(Kostyra and Barylko-Pikielna 2006)
41	2-Methoxy-4-methylphenol (p-Methylguaiacol)	21.852	332958768	20972600	6.29	248265618	25557305	6.82	(Guillen et al. 1995; Kostyra and Barylko-Pikielna 2006; Meier 2009)
42	2-Ethyl-phenol	21.960	101380482	6338682	1.92	75256746	5123074	2.07	(Guillen et al. 1995)
43	2,4,5-trimethylphenol	22.356	183127976	5517947	3.46	147420825	26582533	4.05	(Meier 2009)
44	3,4-Dimethylphenol	22.755	20387918	5085791	0.39	–	–	–	(Guillen et al. 1995)
45	3-Ethyl-5-methylphenol	23.160	40388048	9374124	0.76	33751630	10040535	0.93
46	4-Ethyl-2-methoxyphenol	23.372	16468359	6241374	0.31				(Guillen et al. 1995; Meier 2009; Sung et al. 2007)
47	4-(1-Methylethylphenol)phenol	23.564	123829964		2.34	–	–	–
48	1-Ethyl-4-methoxybenzene	23.568	102179530	–	1.93	96892187	13435809	2.66
49	3,5-Diethylphenol	23.664	38510588	3261678	0.73	27626510	6877429	0.76	(Guillen et al. 1995; Meier 2009)
50	1,4-Bimethoxy-2-methybenzene	23.891	87451406	10307139	1.65	67681597	9712379	1.86	(Guillen et al. 1995)
51	1-Methoxy-4-propylbenzene	24.084	7180357	–	0.14	6856333	702480	0.19
52	4-Ethyl-2-methoxyphenol (p-Ethylguaiacol)	24.251	168730013	24704559	3.19	122989676	19412247	3.38	(Guillen et al. 1995; Kostyra and Barylko-Pikielna 2006; Meier 2009; Sung et al. 2007)
53	2,4,6-trimethyl phenol	24.459	23494068	12087515	0.44	11660976	1331829	0.32	(Meier 2009)
54	2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)phenol	24.753	55017812	14085262	1.04	46876225	6262767	1.29
55	(2-Propynyloxy)benzene	25.188	10214222	711819	0.19	–	–	–
56	2-Methylnaphthalene	25.354	–	–	–	13604769	916057	0.37
57	Diethylphenol	25.499	–	–	–	4759703	179286	0.13
58	3-Methoxy-4,5,6-trimethylphenol	25.950	10267882	1192968	0.19	5526530	834030	0.15
59	1-Methoxy-4-propylbenzene	26.060	13979375	3753282	0.26	11383581	3584877	0.31
60	4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,2-Benzenediol	26.211	39580375	3822889	0.75	31898957	3892558	0.88
61	2-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)phenol(Eugenol)	26.546	52247408	5267905	0.99	40852731	6683998	1.12	(Kostyra and Barylko-Pikielna 2006; Meier 2009)
62	2-Methoxy-4-(1-propyl)phenol(Guaiacylpropane)	26.768	52885924	–	1.00	41168817	2334223	1.13	(Guillen et al. 1995; Kostyra and Barylko-Pikielna 2006)
63	2-Methyl-propanoic acid	27.066	23595182	619244	0.45	23614267	3267230	0.65
64	3-Allyl-6-methoxyphenol	28.131	12904473	2450298	0.24	14205115	231142	0.39
65	1,2-Dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene	28.617	5353596	1016535	0.10	–	–	–
66	Methylesterdodecanoicacid	29.588	26348661	24449268	0.50	51593732	8264385	1.42
	Total		5293747929		100	3641365257		100

^a Number of peak (Fig. 2); ^bBCH: Branched Chain Hydrocarbon; ^cTime retention (min) for capillary column (J & W Scientific; 60 m, 0.32 mm ID. 1.8 μm) installed on a gas chromatograph equipped with detector, chromatographic conditions detailed in Materials and Methods; ^dResults expressed as mean of three replicates of total ion current (TIC); ^eStandard Deviation; ^fPercentage of total TIC area

SPME-GC-MS Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatograph-Mass Selective; CAR/PDMS Carboxen/Polydimethylsiloxane