Table 3.
Serum protein and lipid profile of fish on 21-days continuous exposure to nonlethal dose of endosulfan (1/10 dose of LC50) against unexposed control and fed with diets containing lecithin, betaine, and choline during experimental period
| Parameter | Exposure | Soylecithin | Betaine | Choline | Control | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total protein (g/dl) | Control | 4.97b ± 0.11 | 4.70b ± 0.22 | 2.97a ± 0.16 | 2.89a ± 0.03 | <0.01 |
| Endosulfan | 3.62c##,** ± 0.11 | 3.03b** ± 0.16 | 3.05b# ± 0.03 | 2.24a** ± 0.08 | <0.01 | |
| Albumin (g/dl) | Control | 0.87b ± 0.03 | 0.88b ± 0.05 | 0.63a ± 0.01 | 0.94b ± 0.01 | <0.01 |
| Endosulfan | 1.18# ± 0.18 | 1.46# ± 0.08** | 1.39## ± 0.09** | 1.41 ± 0.04** | NS | |
| Globulin (g/dl) | Control | 4.11b ± 0.13 | 3.82b ± 0.27 | 2.34a ± 0.17 | 1.95a ± 0.04 | <0.01 |
| Endosulfan | 2.45c##,** ± .07 | 1.57b#,** ± 0.08 | 1.66b** ± 0.12 | 0.84a** ± 0.12 | <0.01 | |
| Cholesterol (mg/dl) | Control | 67.41a ± 6.91 | 103.43b ± 6.58 | 93.49ab ± 1.62 | 173.12c ± 10.53 | <0.01 |
| Endosulfan | 53.49a## ± 7.93 | 82.6ab##,** ± 2.92 | 88.94b## ± 1.48 | 105.68b** ± 0.13 | <0.05 | |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | Control | 161.39d ± 3.8 | 107.69b ± 2.57 | 129.8c ± 4.55 | 93.14a ± 2.31 | <0.01 |
| Endosulfan | 77.92c#,** ± 2.45 | 57.22b#,** ± 3.04 | 53.98b#,** ± 3.73 | 39.27a** ± 3.45 | <0.01 |
Mean values in the same row (one-way ANOVA) with different lowercase letters (a, b, c, d) differ significantly
Data expressed as mean ± SE, N = 3
*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01—comparison of unexposed vs. corresponding endosulfan-exposed group
# P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01—indicates significant differences between endosulfan-exposed and methyl donor-fed and unexposed control fish