Table 1.
Baseline values of the 189 ESRD patients under HD therapy.
| Controls (n = 25) | HD patients (n = 189) | |
|---|---|---|
| Biochemical and dialysis markers | ||
| URR, % | — | 75.9 ± 6.56 |
| KT/Ve | — | 1.48 ± 0.31 |
| Ultrafiltration volume, L | — | 2.43 ± 0.94 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | — | 8.14 ± 2.81 |
| Potassium, mmol/L | — | 5.40 (4.80–5.88) |
| Sodium, mmol/L | — | 137 (135–139) |
| Phosphorus, mmol/L | — | 4.48 (3.60–5.40) |
| Calcium, mg/dL | — | 8.60 (8.10–9.10) |
| Calcium phosphorus product | — | 37.58 (31.15–44.86) |
| Darbopoeitin, μg/kg/week | — | 0.42 (0.20–0.75) |
|
| ||
| Hematological data | ||
| Erythrocytes, ×1012 /L | 4.9 ± 0.45 | 3.8 ± 0.53* |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 14.9 ± 0.86 | 11.7 ± 1.44* |
| Hematocrit, % | 44.3 ± 2.80 | 36.5 ± 4.59* |
| MCV, fL | 88.1 ± 11.72 | 95.8 ± 6.01* |
| MCHC, g/dL | 33.8 ± 0.46 | 32.3 ± 1.19 |
| RDW, % | 15.1 ± 0.54 | 15.1 ± 1.91 |
| Platelets, ×109/L | 257.1 ± 58.85 | 184.1 ± 55.4* |
| Leukocytes, ×109/L | 6.7 ± 1.66 | 6.4 ± 2.0 |
| Neutrophils, ×109/L | 4.3 ± 1.48 | 4.0 ± 1.49 |
| Lymphocytes, ×109/L | 2.0 ± 0.37 | 1.7 ± 0.70* |
| Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio | 2.2 ± 0.78 | 2.7 ± 1.51 |
|
| ||
| Iron metabolism markers | ||
| Transferrin, mg/dL | 310.8 ± 44.04 | 184.4 ± 35.8* |
| Transferrin saturation, % | 12.7 ± 4.73 | 15.1 (11.8–19.3)* |
| Iron, μg/dL | 55.0 ± 17.97 | 38.0 (30.0–53.5)* |
| sTfR, nmol/L | 13.6 ± 3.72 | 23.3 ± 11.9* |
| Ferritin, ng/mL | 102.5 ± 60.61 | 400.8 ± 152.9* |
| Hepcidin-25, ng/mL | 218.4 (124.5–318.6) | 1599.1 (863.6–2409.0)* |
|
| ||
| Inflammatory markers | ||
| IL-6, pg/mL | 0.43 (0.28–0.61) | 2.29 (1.40–4.26)* |
| CRP, mg/dL | 0.75 (0.44–1.91) | 5.13 (2.33–13.05)* |
| PON1, nmol p-nitrofenol/mL/min | 466.8 (383.8–535.8) | 361.1 (323.3–463.7)* |
| Adiponectin, mg/L | 4.93 ± 2.30 | 9.27 ± 4.71* |
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| ||
| Lipid profile | ||
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 202.2 ± 26.25 | 154.2 ± 43.5* |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 103.0 (86.5–154.0) | 117.0 (90.5–176.5) |
| HDLc, mg/dL | 48.7 ± 12.94 | 42.2 ± 13.5* |
| LDLc, mg/dL | 105.9 ± 25.29 | 73.4 ± 29.3* |
| VLDL, mg/dL | 20.6 (17.3–30.8) | 23.4 (18.0–35.4) |
| Lp(a), mg/dL | 27.7 (17.3–69.9) | 45.4 (25.6–89.0) |
| Apo A1, mg/dL | 145.2 ± 26.91 | 122.7 ± 30.4* |
| Apo B, mg/dL | 91.4 ± 14.49 | 72.4 ± 21.7* |
| Ox-LDL, U/L | 40.8 ± 10.97 | 33.7 (27.7–40.5)* |
| OxLDL/LDL ratio, U/mg | 0.040 ± 0.013 | 0.052 ± 0.018* |
|
| ||
| Endotelial (dys) function markers | ||
| tPA, ng/mL | 3.93 (2.95–5.93) | 5.35 (3.72–8.18)* |
| PAI-1, ng/mL | 31.0 (15.3–59.2) | 18.7 (12.1–32.4)* |
| tPA/PAI-1 ratio | 0.16 (0.09–0.20) | 0.29 (0.18–0.39)* |
| D-dimers, ng/mL | 0.25 (0.18–0.34) | 0.71 (0.38–1.56)* |
|
| ||
| Nutritional markers | ||
| BMI, Kg/m2 | 22.2 ± 2.26 | 25.9 ± 4.63* |
| Albumin, g/dL | — | 3.9 ± 0.38 |
*P < 0.05 versus controls. Data are presented as median and interquartile range (parameters with nonnormal distribution), mean and standard deviation (parameters with normal distribution), or number and respective percentage. URR: urea reduction ratio; MCV: mean cell volume; MCHC: mean cell hemoglobin concentration; RDW: red cell distribution width; sTfR: soluble transferrin receptor; IL-6: interleukin-6; CRP: C-reactive protein; PON1: paraoxonase 1; HDLc: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDLc: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; VLDL: very low-density lipoprotein; Lp(a): lipoprotein (a); Apo A: apolipoprotein A; Apo B: apolipoprotein B; Ox-LDL: oxidized LDL; PAI-1: plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; tPA: tissue plasminogen activator.