Figure 1.
Different phrase-structure representations for the non-projective dependency structure in (2b). In 1a, the non-projective dependency is characterized by movement from an NP-internal trace. In 1b, the non-projective dependency is represented by the missing-RC information transmitted between the NP and the top S categories. In 1c, non-projectivity is directly represented as a discontinuous constituent. In 1d, non-projectivity is represented as a special syntactic coindexing relation between a base-generated RC and the NP it modifies.