Effect of lycopene on androgen receptor (AR) mRNA expression in epididymis of A1254-exposed adult rats. Each bar represents mean ± SEM of 3 independent observations. Significance at P < .05. (a) Control Caput versus A1254 Caput, A1254 + Lyco caput; (b) A1254 caput versus A1254 + Lyco caput. (a’) Control corpus versus A1254 corpus, A1254 + Lyco corpus; (b’) A1254 corpus versus A1254 + Lyco corpus. (a’’) Control cauda versus A1254 cauda, A1254 + Lyco cauda; (b’’) A1254 cauda versus A1254+Lyco cauda. SEM indicates standard error of the mean; Lyco, lycopene; mRNA, messenger RNA.